A chloride-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potential in cat trochlear motoneurons.

Llinás, R.; Baker, R.

doi:10.1152/jn.1972.35.4.484

Cited by 40 publications

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“…activity in the motoneuron pool during this phase of rotation would act against the contraction of antagonistic muscles in the orbit. The present results suggest the participation of an active, presumably GABAergic (Melendez-Ferro et al 2000;Spencer et al 1989) inhibition in this process and not merely the cessation of excitatory drive. This is supported by the results of Fig.…”

Section: Responses To Head Rotationsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…INHIBITION. The trochlear nucleus receives inhibitory projections (Melendez-Ferro et al 2000;Spencer et al 1989) that may act in concert with excitatory drive to shape the motoneuron response. A demonstration of putative inhibition of a Ncl.…”

Section: Rotation-evoked Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, study of the VOR involves movement of the head; this compromises the mechanical stability required of intracellular techniques. Intrinsic properties of ocular motoneurons have been investigated in both slice preparations and the intact brain (Baker and Highstein 1975;Baker and Precht 1972; Baker et al 1969a,b; Durand 1989a,b;Goldberg et al 1974Goldberg et al , 1976Grantyn and Grantyn 1978;Gueritaud 1988;Gurahian and Goldberg 1987;Llinas and Baker 1972;Nelson et al 1986;Nieto-Gonzalez et al 2007;Precht and Baker 1972;Russier et al 2003;Shall and Goldberg 1992;Uchino et al 1978). In these studies, synaptic responses were evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent pathways when they were examined at all.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Morphology, Intrinsic Membrane Properties, and Rotation-Evoked Responses of Trochlear Motoneurons in the Turtle

Jones¹,

Ariel²

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Jones MS, Ariel M. Morphology, intrinsic membrane properties, and rotation-evoked responses of trochlear motoneurons in the turtle. J Neurophysiol 99: 1187-1200, 2008. First published December 26, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.01205.2007. Intrinsic properties and rotationevoked responses of trochlear motoneurons were investigated in the turtle using an in vitro preparation consisting of the brain stem with attached temporal bones that retain functional semicircular canals. Motoneurons were divided into two classes based on intrinsic properties. The first class exhibited higher impedance (123.0 Ϯ 11.0 M⍀), wider spikes (0.99 Ϯ 0.05 ms), a single spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP), little or no spike frequency adaptation (SFA), and anomalous rectification, characterized by an initial "sag" in membrane potential in response to hyperpolarizing current injection. The second class exhibited lower impedance (21.8 Ϯ 2.5 M⍀), narrower spikes (0.74 Ϯ 0.03 ms), a double AHP, substantial SFA, and little or no rectification. Vestibular responses were evoked by horizontal sinusoidal rotation (1/12-1/3 Hz; peak velocity: 30 -100°/s). Spiking in higher-impedance cells was recruited earlier in the response and exhibited a more limited dynamic range relative to that of lower impedance cells. Spiking evoked by injecting depolarizing current during rotation was blocked during contraversive motion and was consistent with a shunting inhibition. No morphological features were identified in neurobiotinfilled cells that correlated with the two physiological classes. Recovered motoneurons were multipolar but exhibited a less-complex dendritic morphology than ocular motoneurons of similarly sized mammals. The two physiologically defined cell classes have homologues in other vertebrates, suggesting that intrinsic membrane properties play an important role in oculomotor processing. I N T R O D U C T I O NMotoneurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei comprise the common final output pathway for the control of eye movement. A variety of descending and brain stem projections converge on these motoneurons (ButtnerEnnever and Horn 1997), which transform a complex spatiotemporal pattern of synaptic input into a rate-coded spike train that drives the extraocular muscles in a coordinated and precise fashion. These neurons are not only responsible for the generation of voluntary eye movements but also participate in critical brain stem reflexes such as the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR), a compensatory movement of the eyes during motion of the head that acts to stabilize the visual scene on the retina (Wilson and Melvill-Jones 1976).There has been intensive study of oculomotor physiology and the VOR over the last few decades, motivated not only by its clinical relevance but also the utility of the system as a model of neural control (Schwarz 1976;Young 1995). One issue that remains poorly understood is the role of intrinsic membrane properties in shaping motoneuron output. In the spinal cord, the role of intrinsic properties in influencing syna...

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Section: Responses To Head Rotationsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Rotation-evoked Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology, Intrinsic Membrane Properties, and Rotation-Evoked Responses of Trochlear Motoneurons in the Turtle

Jones¹,

Ariel²

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…It is an interesting point that an Ei p s p more negative than EK, estimated from the reversal potential of the spike afterhyperpolarization, has previously been used as evidence for a Cl-i.p.s.p. (Llina's & Baker, 1972). However, the after-hyperpolarization may include conductances other than K+ and thus give an under-estimate of EK (see also Allen et al 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium action on post‐synaptic inhibition in crayfish neurones: implications for the mechanism of chloride extrusion

Aickin

Deisz

Lux

1982

The Journal of Physiology

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“…The question of whether the A m ' s summate during repetitive discharge was of particular interest, since the conductances underlying the AHPz of spinal motoneurons summate (Baldissera and Gustafsson, 1971;Gustafsson, 1974;Ito and Oshima, 1962). Previous experiments on extraocular motoneurons demonstrated a lack of summation of AHP2 during repetitive discharge evoked by intracellular stimulation (Barmack, 1974;Llinas and Baker, 1972). These results were in apparent conflict with an earlier report of summation of AHPz following paired antidromic stimulation (Baker and Precht, 1972).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The relationship of afterhyperpolarizations of extraocular motoneurons to membrane potential

Barmack

1976

J of Neuroscience Research

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The effect of membrane potential displacements caused by external current injection on the amplitudes of two antidromically evoked afterhyperpolarizations (AHP1 and AHP2) was measured in extraocular motoneurons. AHP1 had a reversal potential of-70mV and an average compensation for displacements from the reversal potential ("compensation gain") of -0.36. AHP2 had a reversal potential of-80mV and a compensation gain of -0.08. Measurements of input resistance of these motoneurons demonstrate a 30-50% decrease at depolarized membrane potentials. This rectification could account for the apparent lack of summation of AHP2. The functional role of AHP1 and AHP2 in the regulation of discharge frequencies of extraocular motoneurons during nromal eye movements is discussed.

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A chloride-dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potential in cat trochlear motoneurons.

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Morphology, Intrinsic Membrane Properties, and Rotation-Evoked Responses of Trochlear Motoneurons in the Turtle

Morphology, Intrinsic Membrane Properties, and Rotation-Evoked Responses of Trochlear Motoneurons in the Turtle

Ammonium action on post‐synaptic inhibition in crayfish neurones: implications for the mechanism of chloride extrusion

The relationship of afterhyperpolarizations of extraocular motoneurons to membrane potential

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