A Chitosan formulation Elexa™ induces downy mildew disease resistance and growth promotion in pearl millet

Sharathchandra, R. G.; Raj, S. Niranjan; Shetty, Nandini P.; Amruthesh, K. N.; Shetty, H. Shekar

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2003.12.008

Cited by 97 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In pearl millet foliar spray of commercially prepared chitosan preparation has showed 67 % crop protection. In combination of seed treatment and foliar spray to 2-day-old seedlings has recorded 71% protection [40]. The investigation on nature of disease control mechanisms has indicated that it is due to induction of systemic resistance [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In combination of seed treatment and foliar spray to 2-day-old seedlings has recorded 71% protection [40]. The investigation on nature of disease control mechanisms has indicated that it is due to induction of systemic resistance [40]. Although pearl millet roots and coleoptiles regions are easily available for S. graminicola infection, majority of the pathogenic microbes are inhabitants of mesocotyl and shoot regions in seedling stage [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

2016

J App Biol Biotech

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Plants are hosts to a diverse group of pathogens belonging to different kingdoms of life. In absence of active immune system, plants have evolved several layers of defense to combat individual pathogen strain and evolving pathogen populations. Management of various plant pathogen infections necessitates the use of multiple resistance (R) genes, which requires efficient and accurate practices for identification, isolation and characterization of R genes. This knowledge helps to probe R gene(s) in a host plant and sort out their functional redundancy and specificity. Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is highly nutritive, summer-annual forage crop, drought tolerant cereal, staple food crop of the semi-arid tropics but is highly susceptible to the downy mildew disease caused by oomycetous Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) schroet. Earlier studies have identified several resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in pearl millet which may be involved in resistance against downy mildew. Of these, a clone RGPM213 was shown to encode resistant protein having serine threonine kinase domain and its transcript was upregulated following S. graminicola infection and β-amino butyric acid an abiotic inducer treatment. Here we have shown the accumulation of transcripts of RGPM 213 in pearl millet during treatment with Chitosan, a chitin derivative, a known inducer of plant defense which is completely safe, characterized by unique properties, like bioactivity and biocompatibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

2016

J App Biol Biotech

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“…The protection bioassay used in this work favoured seedling infection since the plants were exposed to the pathogen in aqueous solution for five days. The literature contains very few reports concerning crop protection in which chitosan applications provide strong protection only by inducing local and systemic resistance (Benhamou et al, 1994;Sharathchandra et al, 2004). Most simply report a reduction in the number of lesions (Molloy et al, 2004) or the direct antifungal activity of chitosan as the main factor responsible for protection (BenShalom et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to earlier reports, concentrations above 0.5 g L -1 are needed to protect different plant species against their main pathogens (Ben- Shalom et al, 2003;Molloy et al, 2004;Ait Barka et al, 2004;Sharathchandra et al, 2004). Future studies should further investigate the doses and forms of chitosan applied in order to better understand the triple interaction among chitosan, plant and pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of chitosan as an inhibitor of soil-borne pathogens and as an elicitor of defence markers and resistance in tobacco plants

et al. 2007

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In in vitro assays, a chitosan polymer caused differential growth inhibition of the following pathogens isolated from tobacco: Phytophthora parasitica Dastur var. nicotianae (Ppn), Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The most sensitive were P. aphanidermatum and S. rolfsii, the growth of which was fully inhibited at a chitosan dose of 1.5 g L -1 ; the growth of Ppn was fully inhibited at 2 g L -1 . In vivo assays involving plants grown from seeds immersed in chitosan, as well as plants sprayed with this product, were performed to detect the induction of defence response markers in the leaf and consequent resistance to disease. Although defence/resistance marker enzyme activities varied, activation was greater in the chitosan-treated plants than in controls. Marker enzyme activities in the sprayed plants were generally equal to or stronger than those recorded in the seed immersion-treated plants, except for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity at the lowest immersion concentration tested. Although there were no statistical differences among treatments with respect to resistance against Ppn, the greatest protection was afforded by the spray treatments, in which the infection index was reduced between 17 and 19% compared to the controls. In conclusion, this chitosan polymer directly inhibited the growth of several tobacco pathogens and caused the induction of defence enzymes in leaves, but was not able to protect tobacco plantlets against Ppn infection via the activation of induced resistance. This work demonstrated the potential of chitosan in protecting tobacco plants against soil-borne pathogens.Additional key words: antifungal activity, induced resistance, Nicotiana tabacum, Phytophthora parasitica, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii. Resumen Evaluación de quitosano como inhibidor de patógenos del suelo y elicitor de marcadores defensivos y resistencia en plantas de tabacoEn ensayos in vitro, se demostró la inhibición diferenciada, causada por un polímero de quitosano, sobre el crecimiento de los siguientes patógenos del suelo aislados de tabaco: Phytophthora parasitica Dastur var. nicotianae (Ppn), Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn y Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Los más sensibles fueron P. aphanidermatum y S. rolfsii, ya que la inhibición total del crecimiento ocurrió con 1,5 g L -1 de quitosano, mientras el crecimiento de Ppn fue totalmente inhibido a 2 g L -1 . En ensayos in vivo, se determinó la inducción foliar de marcadores defensivos y resistencia en plántulas de tabaco previamente tratadas por inmersión de semillas y aspersión foliar del quitosano. La activación enzimática fue mayor en los tratamientos con quitosano. Al analizar las dos

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Topical Application of Inducers for Disease Control

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Siah

Randoux

et al. 2007

Induced Resistance for Plant Defence

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A Chitosan formulation Elexa™ induces downy mildew disease resistance and growth promotion in pearl millet

Cited by 97 publications

References 24 publications

Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

Chitosan and ß-amino butyric acid up-regulates transcripts of resistance gene analog RGPM213 in pearl millet to infection by downy mildew pathogen

Evaluation of chitosan as an inhibitor of soil-borne pathogens and as an elicitor of defence markers and resistance in tobacco plants

Topical Application of Inducers for Disease Control

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