A Chick Test for Toxicity in Forage Legumes<sup>1</sup>

Rosenberg, M. M.; Zoebisch, O. C.

doi:10.2134/agronj1952.00021962004400060008x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Interestingly, the amide (3) was further degraded after prolonged microwave heat treatment. This is probably due to the higher temperature of the microwave (180 °C) compared to the autoclave (121 °C), which may expedite secondary thermal degradation and the formation of a subsequent degradation product, 2aminopimelic acid (4). Despite the marked decrease in the level of 2-aminopimelamic acid, there was, however, no significant increase in the level of 2-aminopimelic acid.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indospicine has been demonstrated to be responsible for a range of toxic effects from teratogenic and embryolethal effects to liver disease . Mild to severe indospicine-induced hepatotoxicosis has been reported in both ruminants and non-ruminants upon dietary indospicine exposure, with varying toxin sensitivities observed depending upon the animal species. − In addition to primary Indigofera-induced liver disease, secondary hepatotoxicosis has been observed in dogs consuming indospicine residue deposited in the muscle tissue of horses grazing on Indigofera linnaei, a native species, prevalent in rangelands of central and northern Australia. , A more recent clinical report on end-stage liver disease in dogs as a result of prolonged consumption of indospicine-contaminated camel muscle tissue has again caused concern in Australia. Feral camels in arid central Australia have a demonstrated dietary preference for native Indigofera plants (particularly the indospicine-containing I.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

Tan

Yong

Wong³

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ingestion of indospicine-contaminated camel and horse meat has caused fatal liver injury to dogs in Australia, and it is currently not known if such contaminated meat may pose a human health risk upon dietary exposure. To date, indospicine-related research has tended to focus on analytical aspects, with little information on post-harvest management of indospicine-contaminated meat. In this study, indospicine degradation was investigated in both aqueous solution and also contaminated meat, under a range of conditions. Aqueous solutions of indospicine and indospicine-contaminated camel meat were microwaved (180 °C) or autoclaved (121 °C) with the addition of food-grade additives [0.05% (v/v) acetic acid or 0.05% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate] for 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. An aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution demonstrated the greatest efficacy in degrading indospicine, with complete degradation after 15 min of heating in a microwave or autoclave; concomitant formation of indospicine degradation products, namely, 2-aminopimelamic and 2-aminopimelic acids, was observed. Similar treatment of indospicine-contaminated camel meat with aqueous sodium bicarbonate resulted in 50% degradation after 15 min of heating in an autoclave and 100% degradation after 15 min of heating in a microwave. The results suggest that thermo-alkaline aqueous treatment has potential as a pragmatic post-harvest handling technique in reducing indospicine levels in indospicine-contaminated meat.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

Tan

Yong

Wong³

et al. 2016

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Following the reports of I. spicata toxicity in grazing livestock by Nordfeldt [35], feeding trials with 11 different Indigofera species were undertaken with poultry chicks [70]. Of the species tested only one induced toxicity.…”

Section: Poultry/birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the species tested only one induced toxicity. Consumption of 5% "I. endecaphylla" (I. spicata or I. hendecaphylla) meal from various global sources resulted in decreased growth rate and paralysis of the neck, legs and wings, commonly followed by death [70]. Subsequent investigation established that the toxin responsible for producing these neurological signs in chicks was 3-NPA and that the severity of the toxic signs was related to the 3-NPA content of the plant material [63,[71][72][73].…”

Section: Poultry/birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence and Toxicity of Indospicine to Grazing Animals

2015

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Indospicine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid which occurs in Indigofera species with widespread prevalence in grazing pastures across tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. It accumulates in the tissues of grazing livestock after ingestion of Indigofera. It is a competitive inhibitor of arginase and causes both liver degeneration and abortion. Indospicine hepatoxicity occurs universally across animal species but the degree varies considerably between species, with dogs being particularly sensitive. The magnitude of canine sensitivity is such that ingestion of naturally indospicine-contaminated horse and camel meat has caused secondary poisoning of dogs, raising significant industry concern. Indospicine impacts on the health and production of grazing animals per se has been less widely documented. Livestock grazing Indigofera have a chronic and cumulative exposure to this toxin, with such exposure experimentally shown to induce both hepatotoxicity and embryo-lethal effects in cattle and sheep. In extensive pasture systems, where animals are not closely monitored, the resultant toxicosis may well occur after prolonged exposure but either be undetected, or even if detected not be attributable to a particular cause. Indospicine should be considered as a possible cause of animal poor performance, particularly reduced weight gain or reproductive losses, in pastures where Indigofera are prevalent.

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“…Many afflicted chicks died during the first 3 weeks of this experiment. Nine strains of this species raised in Hawaii from seed introduced from Ceylon, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, and Trinidad were found by Rosenberg and Zoebisch (1952) to depress growth of chicks in varying degrees. Other species of Indigofera retarded chick growth when fed in place of alfalfa meal at 5 percent of total ration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Meal, a Substitute for Alfalfa Meal in Chick Starter Rations

Rosenberg

1954

Poultry Science

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A Chick Test for Toxicity in Forage Legumes¹

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

The Occurrence and Toxicity of Indospicine to Grazing Animals

Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Meal, a Substitute for Alfalfa Meal in Chick Starter Rations

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A Chick Test for Toxicity in Forage Legumes1

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

Thermo-alkaline Treatment as a Practical Degradation Strategy To Reduce Indospicine Contamination in Camel Meat

The Occurrence and Toxicity of Indospicine to Grazing Animals

Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Meal, a Substitute for Alfalfa Meal in Chick Starter Rations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Chick Test for Toxicity in Forage Legumes¹