A Chemically Induced Experimental Ocular Hypertension for Evaluating Drug Effects in Albino Rabbits

B, Fortenberry; Kagawa, C. M.; Leaders, Floyd E.

doi:10.3181/00379727-131-33942

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Biomicroscopy revealed that formalin produced vasodilation of the iris vessels, and miosis, as already noted by others to be produced in rabbits [5,9], No changes in systemic arterial pressure were found. At the lowest dose, 0.04 /ig, the IOP was not significantly different from the control group, while a significant increase was noted at 45 min for the dose of 0.09 fig (p<0.05) and at 30 min for the dose of 0.20fig (p<0.01) [4].…”

Section: Resting Iopmentioning

confidence: 84%

Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in the Rat

Maistrello¹,

Rigamonti²,

Ruggieri³

1977

Ophthalmic Res

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A method has been developed for measurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the rat by means of cannulation of the anterior chamber. A special rat-holding table permitted precise positioning of the needle into the anterior chamber without damaging the surrounding structures. A pneumatic needle gun was used to introduce the needle into the anterior chamber with minimum deformation of the cornea. The dose-response effects of formalin and prostaglandin E¹ (PGE₁) on IOP were determined after instillation into the conjunctival sac.

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Section: Resting Iopmentioning

confidence: 84%

Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in the Rat

Maistrello¹,

Rigamonti²,

Ruggieri³

1977

Ophthalmic Res

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“…Most drugs used in the clinical treatment of glaucoma will also lower IOP in the aforementioned model of glaucoma, as will also the injection of phenol. These effects have been summarized by the same authors (Fortenberry, Kagawa & Leaders, 1969).…”

Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The instillation of formalin into the conjunctival sac is probably the best procedure to induce experimental glaucoma in animals (Fortenberry, Kagawa & Leaders, 1969). However, it should be realized that substantial pathophysiological differences remain between this model and genuine glaucoma, occurring in patients in its various forms.…”

Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Background of the drug treatment of glaucoma

Zwieten¹

1977

Doc Ophthalmol

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“…Topical administration of formalin has been shown to produce ocular hypertension accompanied by miosis and vasodilatation in rabbits (1). These symptoms are similar to those observed following irritation to the eye by other chemicals or mechanical means (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 87%

Antagonism of Formaldehyde-Induced Ocular Hypertension by Phenylethylamines

Chiang¹,

Leaders²

1970

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Topical administration of formalin has been shown to produce ocular hypertension accompanied by miosis and vasodilatation in rabbits (1). These symptoms are similar to those observed following irritation to the eye by other chemicals or mechanical means (2-5). The ocular response to formaldehyde may be due to irritation of extraocular tissues and/or intraocular tissues. I t was of interest to determine the ocular response to int racamerall y -in fused formaldehyde.Since isoproterenol and epinephrine have been shown to antagonize the ocular hypertensive respoase to topically administered formaldehyde ( I ) , their effects on the ocular hypertensive response t so intracamerallyinfused formaldehyde were subsequently tested. The effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine were also studied in the present experiment.Materials and Methods. Albino rabbits of either sex weighing 1.5-2.5 kg were used. In the control group some animals received 2 drops of 0.9% saline approximately 60 rnin before the formaldehyde infusion. In the experimental groups animals were pretreated topically with 2 drops of isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or phenylephrine appmximately 30 or 60 rnin before the formaldehyde infusion. Approximately 20 min before the formaldehyde infusioln animals were anesthetized with 1-2 g/kg of urethane intravenously via the marginal ear vein as a 25% solution in 0.9% saline, and placed in a prone position. The anterior chamber of one eye was cannulated at the 12 o'clock position with a 22-gauge needle connected by a polyethylene tubing No. 50 (PE SO) to a Staof Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30902. * Present address: Div. Ophthal., Medical College tham P 23 Db pressure transducer. The needle and P E 50 tubing had been filled with 0.2 "/o formaldehyde before cannulation. The transducer was connected through P E 260 tubing to a distilled water reservoir set at 25 mrn Hg height, a 2-rnl syringe on a Harvard infusion pump, and an outlet tubing for zero level adjustment. The changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded on a Beckman Type RB Dynograph. The sensitivity of the recorder was set at 1 mm Hg/ mm scale and the paper speed at 1 cm/min. Immediately after cannulation the needle was connected to the transducer and the infusion pump by turning off the connection to the reservoir. The pressure in the transducer fell from 25 mm Hg to the basal IOP level within I5 rnin. As soon as the IOP was constant (less than 1 mm Hg change in the IOP within 3-min period) the infusion was begun at a speed of 1.97 pl/min. In the control group the duratioa of infusion was varied from 1 to 4 min. In the drug pretreated groups the duration of infusion was 3 min. The IOP was continuously monitored during the infusion and for a period of I0 rnin after the termination of infusion.The 0.2 % formaldehyde solution was prepared twice a day by diluting 0.27 ml of 3 6.8% formaldehyde soIution (Formaldehyde solution, Fisher) with 0.9% saline to 50 ml.Solutions of I-isoproterenol d-bitrartrate, Ecpinephrine d-bitartrate, I-norepin...

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A Chemically Induced Experimental Ocular Hypertension for Evaluating Drug Effects in Albino Rabbits

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in the Rat

Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in the Rat

Background of the drug treatment of glaucoma

Antagonism of Formaldehyde-Induced Ocular Hypertension by Phenylethylamines

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