A chemical micropump actuated by self-oscillating polymer gel

Aishan, Yusufu; Yalikun, Yaxiaer; Shen, Yingjia; Yuan, Yapeng; Amaya, Satoshi; Okutaki, Takashi; Osaki, Atsuhito; Maeda, Shingo; Tanaka, Yo

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.129769

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Figures 3 (a) and (b) depict the difference between the pre-deformation schemes for the BZ gel actuators. Previous studies pre-stretched the BZ gels to maximize displacement obtained by the oscillation [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In these cases, the change in the redox states (𝐴 ↔ 𝐴 ′ ) only produces a vertical displacement in the direction of the chemical wave (Fig.…”

Section: Design and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stimuli-responsive polymers and gels have been applied to biomimetic actuators and artificial muscles. Our research strives to develop active macroscale gels driven by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction (BZ gels) that periodically swell and contract [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The BZ reaction can be observed when an organic acid, an oxidizing agent, and a metal catalyst are mixed under acidic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previously, the incorporation of the BZ reaction into gels has been investigated to obtain an autonomous oscillation [17,18]. We have developed non-electronic self-walking gels [16], peristaltic motion [17], and gel-pumps [11,13] by controlling the internal structure of the BZ gels. We prepared BZ gels by covalently bonding [Ru(bpy)2(4-vinyl-4'methylbpy)] 2+ ([Ru] 2+ , bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), the catalyst for the BZ reaction, to the polymer chain, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodical propagation of torsion in polymer gels

Yamada

Otsuka

Mao

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Gel actuators have potential in soft robotics. Although there are many gel actuators that realize various motion like contraction, expansion, and bending motions, most of those reported to date require external inputs such as batteries and circuits. Herein we propose a periodical torsional motion hydrogel driven by chemical energy from the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Our BZ gel system realizes autonomous motion without a battery. The elastic moduli of the redox states of the BZ gel are investigated using stress-strain analysis. We design an experimental system with integrating the BZ gel and two PDMS (dimethylpolysiloxane) rotators to evaluate the torsion angles and build a model of the rotary motion. Finally, the experimental pre-twist angle dependence of the rotary motion is compared with the theoretical model. The results should contribute to the development of soft actuators without external components.

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Section: Design and Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodical propagation of torsion in polymer gels

Yamada

Otsuka

Mao

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This device required minimal instrumentation, it was well suited for on-chip parallelization. Aishan et al [15] proposed a self-driven chemical micropump fabricated on PDMS, power of the pump is self-oscillating motions of synthetic polymer gel and the results show that the micropump would be used as wearable or medical devices exploiting the flexibility and quietness. Matsubara et al [16] proposed an electro-conjugate fluid bidirectional micropump and the results show that the pump can jet ECF in each direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel multi-channel silicon-based piezoelectric micropump with active piezoelectric valve array

Peng¹,

Wang²

2022

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In order to only use one piezoelectric micropump to simultaneously drive and control multi-channel flow fluids of complex microfluidic systems in biological, chemical and medical applications, and then improve the integration and reduce the size of systems, principle and structure of a multi-channel silicon-based piezoelectric micropump with active piezoelectric valve array are proposed and realized. The micropump is composed of one pumping unit and four active piezoelectric valves with annular boundaries, which form active piezoelectric valve array by uniformly distributing around pumping unit. All valves are connected to pumping unit by corresponding fluid channels and they can realize bidirectional fluid flowing. Therefore, pump can suck fluid from any one or more valves through pumping unit and can discharge fluid to the other one or more valves, which form its six working modes. Silicon-based pump body is processed by photoetching and the micropump is fabricated by fixing circular piezoelectric unimorph actuators on the silicon-based pump body. Flow rate model is established, the flow characteristics under each working mode are experimentally tested. Results show that the micropump can realize simultaneously multi-channel fluid input and output, when it works under three-in and single-out, it has the maximum flow rate and output pressure; the flow rate model can predict its flow rate, the maximum relative error between experimental test result and numerical simulation result is 9.99%; the micropump has high flow control accuracy, when amplitude of driving voltage varies from 35 V to 36 V with step of 0.1 V, it has the minimum change of flow rate of 1 μL/min, the maximum flow rate deviation of 5 μL/min and the maximum relative standard deviation of flow rate control of 0.175%. Therefore, the micropump provide feasible scheme for piezoelectric micropumps to be applied in complex microfluidic systems with multi-channel flow fluids, such as lab-on-chip.

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“…Chemofluidic integrated circuits introduce direct feedback control to chemical and physical parameters by combining both actuator and sensor properties on hydrogel material level for the LoC technology. There is a comprehensive choice of self-regulating components including chemomechanical valves, [62][63][64][65] chemostats, [66,67] thermostats, [68] pumps, [69][70][71][72][73] and adjustable filters. [74] The recent development of a universal circuit element, the chemofluidic transistor, [75,76] allows exclusive chemical control and via a set of logic operations the realization of a complete self-powered and selfcontrolling information-processing system on one integrated circuit chip.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review

Beck

Obst

Gruner

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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By the integration of smart materials, hydrogel-based LoCs even differ from other LoC approaches, as they bring more diverse functionality on the chip and reduce external equipment for fluid transport and decision-making. [52,53] Regarding the level of external control, two fundamental platforms exist: microelectromechanical and chemofluidic hydrogel-based LoCs. The first includes electronically controlled microvalves, [54,55] micropumps, [56] switchable storages, [57] filters, adjustable membranes, [58] and bioreactors [59][60][61] all based on hydrogel components. Chemofluidic integrated circuits introduce direct feedback control to chemical and physical parameters by combining both actuator and sensor properties on hydrogel material level for the LoC technology. There is a comprehensive choice of self-regulating components including chemomechanical valves, [62][63][64][65] chemostats, [66,67] thermostats, [68] pumps, [69][70][71][72][73] and adjustable filters. [74] The recent development of a universal circuit element, the chemofluidic transistor, [75,76] allows exclusive chemical control and via a set of logic operations the realization of a complete self-powered and selfcontrolling information-processing system on one integrated circuit chip. [76][77][78][79][80] However, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are materials with complex physics and behavior. The fabrication of gel-based LoC needs sophisticated technology. Moreover, the correct design of hydrogel-based components must respect parameters reaching from multidomain thermodynamics, swelling kinetics, mechanical properties of the soft materials over fabrication to functional design. To emphasize the versatility of hydrogels, numerous reviews have been published, highlighting to a different extent the material classification, [81][82][83][84][85][86][87] hydrogel behavior, [88][89][90] fabrication methods, [91][92][93][94][95][96][97] and the application range. [52,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104] The unique characteristic of this tutorial review is not only that it provides an up-to-date overview of the research field of hydrogel-based components in microfluidics, it also gives best practice suggestions to take action into the area of material selection, patterning methods, and device design. These aspects are compiled into the formulation of five design rules. Furthermore, the most important scaling laws and supporting simulation methods are presented to the future designers of hydrogelbased components for microfluidics. Therefore, this tutorial review is addressed to those who want to learn more about Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels have an outstanding potential for miniaturized, integrated sensor, and actuator systems and especially for lab-on-chip technology, but the application is still in its infancy. One major reason may be that design and realization of hydrogel-based systems are exceptionally complex and demanding. Here, the design parameters of a key component, the hydrogel-based valve, are discussed in their entirety. Key developments in the fields...

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A chemical micropump actuated by self-oscillating polymer gel

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Periodical propagation of torsion in polymer gels

Periodical propagation of torsion in polymer gels

A novel multi-channel silicon-based piezoelectric micropump with active piezoelectric valve array

Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review

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