A checklist of the Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bhutan

Namgay, Rinzin; Drukpa, Tobgyel; Wangdi, Tenzin; Pemo, Dechen; Harbach, Ralph E.; Somboon, Pradya

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.09.006

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Anopheles willmori is a primary vector of human malarial protozoa in the highlands of Nepal [16]. Anopheles pseudowillmori is a vector in southern Tibet [17], a secondary vector in western Thailand [18] and a suspected vector in Bhutan [19]. Anopheles sawadwongporni may be a secondary vector in Thailand and Vietnam [20–22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphological evidence for a new species of the Maculatus Group of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) in Java, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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BackgroundAnopheles maculatus, a species of the Maculatus Group of subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae), is an important vector of human malarial protozoa in Java, Indonesia. However, the identity of this species in Indonesia has been questionable because published reports and records are based mainly on morphological identification, which is unreliable for distinguishing members of the Maculatus Group due to overlapping characters.MethodsWe performed morphological assessments, metaphase karyotype preparations, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox2 sequence data and cross-mating experiments to determine whether the Javanese form and An. maculatus (s.s.) from Thailand were conspecific.ResultsThe adults of the Java strain are similar to those of An. maculatus (s.s.), but the larvae and pupae exhibit significant differences. The metaphase karyotype of Javanese specimens includes a long acrocentric X chromosome and a small telocentric Y chromosome, which are distinct from other members of the Maculatus Group. Cross-mating of the Java strain with An. maculatus (s.s.) revealed genetic incompatibility. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS2 and cox2 sequences revealed that the Java strain forms a single clade that is distinct from clades of other members of the group (Kimura 2-parameter, K2P, genetic distances 3.1–19.2% and 1.6–9.6%, respectively).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that the Javanese form of An. maculatus is not conspecific with An. maculatus (s.s.) and constitutes a previously unrecognized species of the Maculatus Group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and morphological evidence for a new species of the Maculatus Group of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) in Java, Indonesia

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, the prevalence of malaria vectors in all three endemic districts possess the risk of transmission throughout the year. [1,4] Though the vector control interventions is done with IRS in March and August targeting the early and post monsoon months, as malaria transmission is accelerated during rainy season [15] but the effect is short-lived. [2] Malaria transmission in Bhutan occurs as sporadic epidemic along the Southern districts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malaria is a parasitic infection caused by five different Plasmodium species in human, which is transmitted via blood meal of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Globally there are at least 300-500 million clinical cases of malaria reported annually [1] and climate change is yet another factor contributing to the malaria menace. [2,3] In the South Asian region, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the predominant species causing human malaria and the situation remains the same in Bhutan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fluvialitis and these species are relatively abundant during the peak transmission season. [1,2,10] Bhutan has been a low endemic country for malaria and most of the cases are recorded in the Southern districts. Since 1990s, Bhutan has made major progress towards malaria control resulting in pre-elimination and now in the elimination phase, through integrated vector control activities and active vector surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burden of Malaria in three Endemic Districts of Bhutan: Road to Malaria Elimination

Chhetri¹,

Dukpa

Namgay

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Bhutan is considered as a low endemic country for malaria. In the last decade, Bhutan has successfully reduced the number of malaria cases with the support from Global Fund and WHO. Sarpang, Samtse and Samdrup Jongkhar districts located in the Southern foothills of Bhutan records the most cases. Method: This retrospective study was undertaken with the available census record maintained in health centers of the three endemic districts and VDCP. Results: There were 892 confirmed malaria cases in 2009 and 41 cases in 2017 in three endemic districts. The slide positivity rate (SPR) declined from 2.2% in 2009 to 0.1% in 2017. The distribution of disease was significantly higher (p<0.05) amongst the male population with the increasing trend of Plasmodium vivax infection. The study found predominance of P. vivax in Samtse (93%), and Sarpang (62%) and Plasmodium falciparum in Samdrup Jongkhar (61%). The last four years (2014-2017) data showed that maximum cases detected were imported, followed by indigenous and introduced malaria; with 50%, 44% and 6%, respectively. The mortality and morbidity due to malaria has magnificently declined in the last decade. Conclusion: The large-scale implementation of vector control interventions, such as insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, free health care service and active vector surveillance has achieved a marked reduction in malaria incidence. Cross border malaria is still a huge challenge for elimination of malaria in Bhutan. Thus, imported malaria is an increasing problem due to high receptivity, and vulnerability.

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“…Данные о распространении и сборе представлены с примечаниями о местонахождении и среде обитания вида. Предполагается, что Anopheles pseudowillmori является переносчиком малярийных паразитов на равнинах и в холмистых лесных районах страны, поскольку данный вид широко распространен [8].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Trap for Female Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Reshetnikov¹,

Barashkova²

2019

Agrarian Bulletin of The

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В настоящее время комары обитают не только в природных ценозах, но и в квартирах жителей крупных и малых городов, поселков и дачных домиков. Комары в течение своей жизни многократно сосут кровь, причем кровососание происходит на человеке и разных животных. Путем механического переноса могут переносить возбудителей бруцеллеза, сибирской язвы, туляремии, миксоматоза кроликов и других болезней. Некоторые вирусные инфекции могут размножаться в комаре, перенос вирусов возбудителей болезней осуществляется почти исключительно комарами. Сложный путь развития в организме комаров проделывают филярии и некоторые простейшие, например возбудители малярии, анаплазмоза. Целью работы явилась разработка ловушки для самок комаров для защиты человека в квартире. Научные исследования выполняли в 2013 году в лаборатории арахноэнтомологии ГНУ ЯНИИСХ. Патентный поиск выполнялся в соответствии с заданием и регламентом поиска. Технической задачей заявляемого изобретения является истребление комаров в ловушке без феррамона, аттрактанта, темного зеркального привлекающего устройства и сложных технически трудновыполнимых устройств. Технический результат решается тем, что используется неглубокий сосуд с плоским дном диаметром от 30 до 50 см, наполненный жидкой прозрачной невысыхающей клеящей жидкостью, напоминающей пресную воду комнатной температуры. Самки комаров после кровососания и созревания яиц в матке по положительной трофике откладки яиц садятся на прозрачную клеящую жидкость и прилипают. TRAP FOR FEMALE MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)A. D. RESHETNIKOV, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, chief research associate, head of the laboratory, A. I. BARASHKOVA, doctor of biological sciences, chief research associate, Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov

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A checklist of the Anopheles mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Bhutan

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Genetic and morphological evidence for a new species of the Maculatus Group of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) in Java, Indonesia

Genetic and morphological evidence for a new species of the Maculatus Group of Anopheles subgenus Cellia (Diptera: Culicidae) in Java, Indonesia

Burden of Malaria in three Endemic Districts of Bhutan: Road to Malaria Elimination

Trap for Female Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

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