A check list of non-lichenised fungi occurring on Fagus crenata, a tree endemic to Japan

Abstract

Non-lichenised fungi from Fagus crenata, an endemic and major temperate tree species, were enumerated based on three approaches: fungarium specimens at the National Museum of Nature and Science; isolates obtained mainly from leaves and roots, and their molecular identification by barcoding region; and literature. In total, 209, 49, and 232 taxa were recognised from the fungarium specimens, isolates, and literature, respectively. Only three taxa were commonly observed using all three approaches. Moreover, the results demonstrate the diversity of fungi occurring on a single host plant species, and provide the basis for comparisons between fungi from Fagus spp. in other regions of the world.

<i>Morchella nipponensis </i>sp. nov. (<i>Ascomycota</i>, <i>Pezizales</i>): a paleoendemic species of section <i>Morchella</i> discovered in Japan

“…Other Japanese morels being studied by the authors also have peculiar ecologies, like those harvested under Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgoales are mainly present in Laurasia and probably originated there; Zhou, 2009 ). Interestingly, most fungal species associated to another endemic tree in Japan, Fagus crenata , are not present in F. sylvatica , which occupies a similar ecological niche in Europe ( Hosoya, Hosaka, & Nam, 2018 ), suggesting that these fungal species either associated with F. crenata after its establishment in Japan or followed a similar evolutionary history to this tree. Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Castanopsis sieboldii , another endemic tree of Japan, were shown to be partly correlated with the phylogeography of their host, indicating a putative co-migration ( Matsuoka et al, 2019 ).…”

Systematics, ecology, and application of <i>Helotiales</i>: Recent progress and future perspectives for research with special emphasis on activities within Japan

“… Otani (1989) enumerated the Japanese mycobiota of Discomycetes , a taxon no longer used but still practical in the modern taxonomy, and enumerated 77 genera with 214 species in the order. Through our exploration and enumeration, we added 57 newly documented taxa in Japan, and 30 new taxa, including 2 genera ( Otani, Hosoya, & Furuya, 1991 ; Hosoya et al, 1993 ; Kubono & Hosoya, 1994 ; Hosoya & Otani 1995 , 1997a , 1997b , 1997c ; Hosoya & Harada 1999 ; Hosoya, 2000 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 , 2009 ; Ono & Hosoya, 2001 ; Tanaka & Hosoya, 2001 ; Hosoya & Huhtinen 2002 ; Narumi-Saito, Hosoya, Sano, & Harada, 2006 ; Hosoya et al, 2010a , 2010c , 2011 ; Hosoya, Sung, Han, & Shin, 2010d ; Han, Hosoya, & Shin, 2011 ; Hosoya et al, 2012 ; Hosoya, Hosaka, Saito, Degawa, & Suzuki, 2013a ; Hosoya et al, 2013b ; Hosoya, Saito, & Sasagawa, 2013c ; Zhao, Hosoya, Shirouzu, Kakishima, & Yamaoka, 2013 ; Han et al, 2014a ; Hosoya, Zhao, & Degawa, 2014 ; Zhao & Hosoya, 2014 , 2015 ; Degawa et al, 2015 ; Gross, Hosoya, Zhao, & Baral, 2015 ; Hosoya & Zhao, 2016 ; Itagaki, Nakamura, & Hosoya, 2019 ; Tochihara & Hosoya, 2019 ). These included new species, new genera of both sexual and asexual states, now being merged under single names (some examples are presented in Fig.…”