A Check List of Flowering Plants of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Rooyen, N. van; Rensburg, Daniël Janse van; Theron, G.K.; Bothma, Jacobus du P.

doi:10.4102/koedoe.v31i1.490

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Richtersveld is remote and until recently rainfall recording was poor which results in lower confidence in the modelled precipitation data for this park. Further descriptions of the parks are available as follows: Augrabies Falls/Melkbosrand ( Werger & Coetzee, 1977; Bezuidenhout, 1996); Kalahari Gemsbok ( Van Rooyen et al ., 1988; Van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout, 1997 ); Karoo ( Rubin & Palmer, 1996); Richtersveld (van Jaarsveld, 1980; Williamson, 1995) and Vaalbos/Rooipoort ( Bezuidenhout, 1994, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change in conservation areas of South Africa and its potential impact on floristic composition: a first assessment

Rutherford

Powrie

Schulze

1999

Diversity and Distributions

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Summary Projected climate change has been suspected of affecting the biota of conserved nature areas in different and significant ways. Nevertheless, strategic management within some nature conservation agencies appears relatively unprepared for the possible consequences of climate change. National level planning of reserve design networks has also tended to skirt the issue, possibly owing to insufficient analysis. This paper provides a first assessment of the possible effects of climate change on plant diversity within the protected area network of South Africa. A climate change scenario of increased temperature but no change in precipitation resulted in derived optimum growth days increasing in some reserves through increased temperature extending the growing season. In some other reserves optimum growth days declined through greater evapotranspiration. We concentrated on the larger reserves of the latter group for which conditions that are more limiting were predicted. Plant species were evaluated in terms of their critical limits in growth days and minimum temperature. Over a third of the species analysed for one reserve (Augrabies Falls National Park and Melkbosrand) was indicated to become locally extinct with climate change. Another reserve in the region showed fewer than 1% local extinctions. It is clear that although a certain magnitude of climate change is a prerequisite for these extinctions, the rate and number of extinctions depend strongly on the different environmental tolerances of the specific biotic components of the conserved area. Potential immigration of other species to Augrabies Falls/Melkbosrand required to balance the projected extinctions with climate change would need migration abilities and conditions that are unlikely to be met. A net decrease in plant diversity may thus be expected. The results confirm that with the climate change scenario used, the concept of sustaining species through fixed protected areas may be fundamentally flawed, at least in certain areas.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change in conservation areas of South Africa and its potential impact on floristic composition: a first assessment

Rutherford

Powrie

Schulze

1999

Diversity and Distributions

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“…A species list for the area was compiled from Leistner (), van Rooyen et al. () and van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout (). To prevent double inclusion of species due to synonyms, the list of species from Leistner () was compared with that of van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dormancy class including non‐dormancy spectrum [morphological dormancy ( MD ), morphophysiological dormancy ( MPD ), non‐dormancy ( ND ), physiological dormancy ( PD ), physical dormancy ( PY )] for S outhern K alahari angiosperms ( n = 607) for different life forms after R aunkiaer (taken from Leistner ; van Rooyen et al. ; van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout ) [therophyte ( T ), n = 191; geophyte ( G ), n = 88; emicryptophyte ( H ), n = 163; chamaephyte ( C h), n = 96; nanophanerophyte ( N ), n = 43; macrophanerophyte ( M ), n = 11; succulent ( S ), n = 11; parasite ( P ), n = 4)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds of the majority of species (>85%) germinate during the warm season (October-March), while those of winter annuals and a few perennials germinate during the cold season (April-September); although seeds of some species germinate throughout the year (Leistner 1967). A species list for the area was compiled from Leistner (1967), van Rooyen et al (1988 and van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout (1997). To prevent double inclusion of species due to synonyms, the list of species from Leistner (1967) was compared with that of van Rooyen & Bezuidenhout (1997).…”

Section: Study Area and Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of kinds of seed dormancy with habitat and life history in theSouthernKalahari flora

Kos

Baskin

2012

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Is kind of seed dormancy important in environmental filtering at the local scale? Are there differences among kinds of seed dormancy in life‐history traits like seed mass and adult life span? Location Southern Kalahari (Botswana, Namibia and South Africa). Methods Using mainly literature data, we determined kind of dormancy for each species in the Southern Kalahari flora and combined this data set with data on seed mass, life form and soil texture. Soil sand content was used as an environmental gradient because the risks associated with seedling establishment increase with soil sand content and would favour seed dormancy as a bet‐hedging strategy. Also, the rapid descent of water in very sandy soils may exclude species with morphological (MD) or morphophysiological (MPD) dormancy that require relatively long moist periods for dormancy breaking. Multinomial logistic regression and phylogenetically independent contrasts were applied to determine relationships of kind of dormancy with life‐history variables and soil texture. Results The proportion of species with some kind of seed dormancy was not correlated with soil sand content. However, the proportion of species with MD or MPD decreased with increasing sand content, and proportion of species with some kind of dormancy decreased with increasing seed mass and life span. Life form and seed mass, but not soil sand content, had significant effects in a multinomial regression model predicting the presence of kind of dormancy. With increasing seed mass, the probability of a species having physical dormancy (PY) increased relative to the probability of having physiological dormancy (PD). With an increase in life span, the probability of a species lacking dormancy increased relative to the probability of having PD. Conclusions We found little evidence that kind of seed dormancy plays a direct role in environmental filtering. Our results suggest that traits related to dormancy do not evolve independently and are part of a syndrome of co‐adapted plant traits.

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“…A. inflata (Figure 2 as Etselyakuku in Ndonga (Sharma and Kumar, 2013). A. inflata is mostly distributed in northern part of Namibia including in Oshikoto, Oshana and Omusati regions (Van Rooyen, 1988;Walt and Riche, 1999;Nordenstam, 1970). The leaves of A. inflata inflate are used by the Damara communities as a tea to treat coughs and stomach upsets (Mukanganyama et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antipseudomonal potential of Colophospermum mopane and Acrotome inflata, medicinal plants indigenous to Namibia

Kaarina¹,

Kibuule²,

Secilia³

2017

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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Plants with diverse therapeutic properties are indigenous to Namibia. Concoctions of Colophospermum mopane and Acrotome inflata are widely used traditionally in the management of respiratory, gastrointestinal and wound infections. Limited studies have validated these traditional uses particularly against resistant bacteria strains such as Pseudomonas spp. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and phytochemistry of extracts of C. mopane and A. inflata, medicinal plants indigenous to Namibia. Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial testing were done on leaves and barks of C. mopane and A. inflata whole plant. Voucher specimens were collected from Omugulugoonime village, Oshikoto region and validated at the National Botanical Research institute, Windhoek. Crude extraction of dried plants was done by maceration with ethanolic and aqueous solvents. Phytochemical screening was done using methods described by Harborne (1998) and/or Tiwari et al (2011). The antimicrobial activity against wild types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtillis and Candida albicans was done using the disc-agar-diffusion method. The mean diameters of the zones of inhibition (mm) for each extract were determined against each test organism. The antimicrobial activity (zones of inhibition) of ethanolic extracts (5 mg/ml) of C. mopane bark (10±0.6 mm) and leaves (10±1.2 mm) and A. inflata (8.7±0.6 mm) against P. aeruginosa is comparable to that of penicillin G (14±1.4 mm). Aqueous extracts leaves and bark of C. mopane showed activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The activity of the ethanolic extracts against B subtillis was: C. mopane leaves (7.3±0.6 mm), C. mopane bark (8.7±0.6 mm) and A. inflata (11.3±3.21 mm) and Penicillin G (26±1.4 mm). Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts did not have activity on C. albicans. Aqeous extracts of A. inflata had no activity on Pseudomonas and B. subtillis. Organic extracts of Colophospermum mopane and A. inflata exhibit antimicrobial potential against Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. The alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins should be further purified and characterized for antipseudomonal activity.

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A Check List of Flowering Plants of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Climate change in conservation areas of South Africa and its potential impact on floristic composition: a first assessment

Climate change in conservation areas of South Africa and its potential impact on floristic composition: a first assessment

Relationship of kinds of seed dormancy with habitat and life history in theSouthernKalahari flora

Antipseudomonal potential of Colophospermum mopane and Acrotome inflata, medicinal plants indigenous to Namibia

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