A Chart for Evaluating Agricultural Limestone<sup>1</sup>

Schollenberger, C. J.; Salter, Robert M.

doi:10.2134/agronj1943.00021962003500110005x

Cited by 15 publications

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“…Baker, Phillipsburg, N.J.). These designations represented the bulk particle size of each material (Schollenberger and Salter, 1943). For example, 60% of ground limestone will pass through a 250-µm (#60) screen, 60% of pulverized limestone will pass through a 150-µm (#100) screen, 60% of superfine limestone will pass through a 75-µm (#200) screen, and 99% of microfine limestone will pass through a 45-µm (#325) screen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liming materials are added to container root media with acidic peats to increase pH to a level more acceptable for growth (Nelson, 1991;Peterson, 1981;Warncke and Krauskopf, 1983;Williams et al, 1988b). The particle size and incorporation rate of the limestone influence the pH attained at equilibrium (Chapin, 1980;Gibaly and Axley, 1955;Schollenberger and Salter, 1943;Sheldrake, 1980;Williams et al, 1988b). Some information about the differences in lime requirements of certain peats is also available (Argo and Biernbaum, 1994;Lucas et al, 1975;Puustjarvi and Robertson, 1975;Rosenbaum and Sartain, 1982), as is information about the rate of reaction of lime (Williams et al, 1988b) and the effect of water alkalinity in conjunction with lime (Williams et al, 1988a).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

Argo¹,

Biernbaum²

1996

jashs

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Using incubation and container culture with subirrigation for up to 28 days, three experiments were conducted with six liming materials of different particle sizes and six blended preplant nutrient charge (PNC) fertilizers. Liming material, particle size, and incorporation rate had an effect on the initial pH (3.5 to 6.1) and the final stable pH (4.8 to 7.8) with one type of Canadian sphagnum peat that did not contain an incorporated PNC. Saturated media extract (SME) Ca and Mg concentrations were <25 and 15 mg·liter-1, respectively, for both pulverized and superfine dolomitic lime at incorporation rates up to 7.2 kg·m-3. For the blended PNC fertilizers in media containing lime, initial electrical conductivity (EC) and SME nutrient concentrations ranged from (EC) 1.0 to 2.9 dS·m-1, (mg·liter-1) 60 to 300 N, 4 to 105 PO4-P, 85 to 250 K, 120 to 400 Ca, and 60 to 220 Mg. However, within two days, the rapid stratification of fertilizer salts within the pot caused macronutrient concentrations to increase in the top 3 cm of root medium (top layer) by an average of 180% and decrease in the remaining root medium in the pot (root zone) by an average of 57% compared to that measured in the medium at planting. Nutrient concentrations in the top layer continued to increase even when those in the root zone fell below acceptable levels recommended for an SME. The importance of fertilizer salt stratification within a pot lies in the reduced availability of nutrients to the plant and illustrates the limited persistence of the PNC fertilizers. Testing nutrients in container media several days after planting rather than in freshly mixed media may be more representative of the starting point for a nutritional management program.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

Argo¹,

Biernbaum²

1996

jashs

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“…Incorporating sufficient lime into a soilless root medium to obtain an initial pH range of 5.5 to 6.4 is recommended (Nelson, 1991;Peterson, 1981;Warncke and Krauskopf, 1983). The amount of liming material required to obtain an equilibrium pH of 6 in the root medium depends on the incorporation rate and particle size (Argo and Biernbaum, 1996;Chapin, 1980;Gibaly and Axley, 1955;Schollenberger and Salter, 1943;Sheldrake, 1980;Williams et al, 1988b) as well as the surface area of the liming material (Parfitt and Ellis, 1966). There is some information about the time required for the lime to reach a stable pH in soilless medium (Argo and Biernbaum, 1996;Williams et al, 1988b), the effect of water alkalinity in conjunction with lime in unplanted pots (Williams et al, 1988a), and the water-soluble Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ concentrations that can be expected from the incorporation of dolomitic lime into a soilless medium (Argo and Biernbaum, 1996;Warncke and Krauskopf, 1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Lime, Irrigation-water Source, and Water-soluble Fertilizer on Root-zone pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Macronutrient Management of Container Root Media with Impatiens

Argo¹,

Biernbaum²

1996

jashs

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Hybrid impatiens (Impatiens Wallerana Hook. F.) were planted in a peat-based medium containing two dolomitic liming materials (1.8 kg Ca(OH)2·Mg(OH)2/m3 or 8.4 kg CaCO3·MgCO3/m3) and subirrigated for 17 weeks using four irrigation-water sources (IWSs) with varied bicarbonate alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content and three water-soluble fertilizers (WSFs) that contained (in mg) 200N-20P-200K/liter but a variable NH4: NO3 ratio, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S content. The factorial arrangement of the IWS and WSF resulted in a range of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4-S concentrations varying by a factor of 10. After 8 weeks, medium pH ranged from 4.5 to 8.5. The maximum critical medium pH for PO4-P uptake was 7.4 to 7.7, which probably was due to a change in most of the water-soluble P to the less-available HPO42- form. Lime type did not affect the long-term increase in medium pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations with nutrient solutions containing low NH4+-N and high Ca2+ and Mg2+. The carbonate lime buffered the medium pH and Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations with nutrient solutions containing high NH4+-N and low Ca2+ and Mg2+ compared to that measured with the hydrated lime. With both lime types, there was a linear increase in tissue Ca and Mg as the applied concentrations of the various nutrient solutions increased from 18 to 210 mg Ca2+/liter and 7 to 90 mg Mg2+/liter. The relationship was similar for both lime types up to week 8, after which tissue Ca and Mg decreased more rapidly with the hydrated lime and low solution Ca2+ and Mg2+ compared to that of the same carbonate lime treatments. The minimum critical SO4-S concentration in the applied nutrient solution for plant uptake was 30 to 40 mg S/liter. Below this concentration, tissue S decreased rapidly; above, there was little effect on tissue S.

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“…Liming responses to dolomite in this research were essentially completed within 14 days, rather than in months, as is common in mineral soils. The dolomite used would be considered " pulverized" according to the classification system of Schollenber- ger and Salter (14). For purposes of comparison, dolomite of this degree of fineness achieved 60% efficiency in 3 months and 85% efficiency in 1 year when incorporated to plow depth in Ohio agricultural soils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liming Reactions in Sphagnum Peat-based Growing Media

Williams

Peterson

Utzinger

1988

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Spagnum peat, perlite, vermiculite, and six media formulated (by volume) from these constituents (2:1, 1:1, 1:2 peat: perlite; 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 peat: vermiculite) were limed with 0, 0.9, 1.8, 2.7. 3.6, 5.4, 7.2, and 9.0 kg∙m−3 dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2]. Media were wet to container capacity with distilled/deionized (d/d) water, incubated at 25° ±3°C, and pH determined at day 0, 2, 5, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 84. Liming reactions in mixes could not be predicted from reactions occurring in sphagnum peat, perlite, and vermiculite constituents alone. Although sphagnum peat made the major contribution to liming reactions, both perlite and vermiculite were found to contribute to liming responses of media in which they were incorporated. The major portion of pH change due to incorporation of pulverized dolomite in peat-based media occurred within 2 days. Change in pH was complete within 14 days.

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A Chart for Evaluating Agricultural Limestone¹

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

The Effect of Lime, Irrigation-water Source, and Water-soluble Fertilizer on Root-zone pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Macronutrient Management of Container Root Media with Impatiens

Liming Reactions in Sphagnum Peat-based Growing Media

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A Chart for Evaluating Agricultural Limestone1

Cited by 15 publications

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Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

Availability and Persistence of Macronutrients from Lime and Preplant Nutrient Charge Fertilizers in Peat-based Root Media

The Effect of Lime, Irrigation-water Source, and Water-soluble Fertilizer on Root-zone pH, Electrical Conductivity, and Macronutrient Management of Container Root Media with Impatiens

Liming Reactions in Sphagnum Peat-based Growing Media

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A Chart for Evaluating Agricultural Limestone¹