A Characterization of Movement Skills in Obese Children With and Without Prader-Willi Syndrome

Abstract

Motor proficiency is very poor in OB-PWS, in particular for gross motor skills. Physical, neurological, and developmental characteristics inherent to the syndrome may explain this low performance.

Changes in Health-Related Outcomes in Youth With Obesity in Response to a Home-Based Parent-Led Physical Activity Program

“…The low prevalence of PWS (1 in 10,000 to 1 in 30,000) increases the difficulty of completing group-based PA interventions with this population [1]. The emotional characteristics (age-inappropriate temper tantrums, stubbornness, skin picking, impulsivity, ritualistic, and repetitive behaviors) [1], poor motor proficiency [11], and intellectual challenges prevalent in youth with PWS [12] argue for tailored interventions. Therefore, we designed a 24-week home-based intervention [13] to be delivered by parents using a PA curriculum with preplanned sessions comprising console-based interactive games and goal-oriented, age-appropriate playground games.…”

Physical exercise and Prader‐Willi syndrome: A systematic review

“…Lower values of flexibility (~42%) and muscle strength (~50%–70%) were shown in adult PWS patients compared to normal‐weight and overweight/obese age‐matched controls . In children and adolescents with PWS aged 8‐16 years, lower levels (~40%) of motor proficiency (co‐ordination, agility, speed, muscular strength and balance) were also reported in comparison to children with obesity but without PWS …”

“…A total of 483 studies were identified, of which 447 did not meet the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies, 10,15,16,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] whose details are summarized in Tables 2 and 3 Mullins (1987)…”

“…Ten studies 10,15,16,[22][23][24][25] reported the acute effects (either physiological response or physical performance) of exercise in patients with PWS using the following types of exercise tests: cycle ergometer, 16,22,23 lower-body strength, 10,24,33 treadmill along with upper-body strength and flexibility, 15 only treadmill, 25,34 or the Bruininks-Oseretsky test to analyse motor proficiency. 35 Eight out of ten studies were carried out in children and/or adolescents, 16,[22][23][24][25] with the remainder of studies conducted in adults. 10,15 Five studies analysed cardiorespiratory responses.…”

“…10,15 In children and adolescents with PWS aged 8-16 years, lower levels (~40%) of motor proficiency (co-ordination, agility, speed, muscular strength and balance) were also reported in comparison to children with obesity but without PWS. 35 The findings on hormonal responses to exercise are inconsistent across studies; however, differences between study protocols performed and the limited sample sizes could have contributed to these discrepancies. 23,24 The two studies that analysed the hormonal response to exercise were conducted in children and adolescents.…”