A Cephalometric Study of Various Horizontal Reference Planes in Natural Head Position

Shetty, Divya; Bagga, Dinesh Kumar; Goyal, Sandeep; Sharma, Payal

doi:10.1177/0974909820130305

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This is considered as a valuable finding as it was shown by Madsen et al, [ 24 ] that the true vertical and the true horizontal planes were more valid when recorded from the NHP. Shetty et al, [ 25 ] also reported that the Frankfurt horizontal plane was recommended as a reference plane only when the radiographs were not recorded in the natural head position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

Kattan¹,

Kattan²,

Elhiny³

2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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AIM:This study aimed to attempt to introduce a new extracranial horizontal plane of the head (K plane that extends from SN to SAE bilaterally) that could act as a substitute to the Frankfurt horizontal intracranial reference plane; both clinically and radiographically.MATERIAL AND METHODS:The new K plane depended on three points of the head. The first was the soft tissue nasion (NS) on the interpupillary line when the subject looked forward at a distant point at eye level. The other two points were the superior attachments of the ears (SAE).RESULTS:The student “t” test comparing mean values of K/V and FH/V was not significant; -0.21. The coefficient of correlation between different variables was highly positively significant (r = 0.98 with probability = 0.001).CONCLUSION:Within the limitations of this prospective study, the new K plane was found to be both reliable and reproducible. It can be used as a reliable reference plane instead of Frankfort horizontal plane both clinically and radiographically; as it is an accurate tool for head orientation in the natural head position.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

Kattan¹,

Kattan²,

Elhiny³

2018

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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“…Jacobson 3 presented a Wits appraisal based upon the relationships of points A and B relative to the occlusal plane which was not in concordance with our study. Bagga DK (2013) 15 did a cephalometric study of various horizontal reference planes in natural head position and found that MM bisector was not that reliable horizontal reference plane. This result is concomitant with our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maxillary-mandibular planes angle (MM?) bisector: A new reference plane for anteroposterior measurement of dental bases

Akram¹,

Aggarwal²,

Mittal³

et al. 2022

IJOHD

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Diagnosis of an important part of orthodontic treatment. Although many cephalometric analyses have been devised to determine the degree of anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies, effective treatment planning and assessment must be based on accurate measurement using stable and reproducible reference planes.The purpose of study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of maxillomandibular bisector, its reproducibility, and validity, and relationship to functional occlusal plane, bisecting occlusal pane.Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients (age 18 or above) were selected. Various Angular & Linear measurement were recorded. Present study showed MM bisector plane, FOPPM is more reproducible and valid reference point than BOPMM, BOPPM.

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“…[5] Among all the reference planes studied, the FH plane was closest to the true horizontal and thus could be recommended as a reference plane, when radiographs were not recorded in NHP. [4] FH plane can be easily identifiable by locating porion and orbitale and can be reproducible in successive session. Thus, we have used FH plane because it is less variable and is oriented closely to true horizontal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, we have used FH plane because it is less variable and is oriented closely to true horizontal. [4] It would be beneficial to take both lateral cephalograms and facial photographs with the head positioned along the FH plane so that it will be easier to superimpose the lateral cephalograms and facial photographs and can perform facial analyses. When lateral cephalograms are taken, the head is oriented to the FH plane by using a light guide built into the cephalometric machine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Device to Take Facial Photographs in Frankfort Horizontal Plane in a Standardized Manner at Repeated Intervals

Gorantla¹,

Chirla²,

Chakravarthy³

et al. 2018

J Indian Orthod Soc

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Introduction: Very little attention has been given in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning regarding appropriate facial orientation during photographic recordings. Analysis of facial profile using standardized photographs is a valuable tool for orthodontic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We have worked on a new way to position the patient's head with Frankfort horizontal parallel to the floor by use of a a specially fabricated device. It consists of a vertically adjustable scale attached to metal framework. The shadow of the scale is projected as a horizontal line onto the face by means of a light source. The patient's head is positioned such that the Frankfort horizontal lies along the projected line. Twenty-five (13 males and 12 females) people aged between 15 and 25 years were photographed using the above method with a digital singlelens reflex camera. The photographs were taken again after a 15-day interval using the same protocol and checked for reliability. Results: Statistical analysis was done using paired student t-test and Kappa test. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean angles at the initial (76.92 ± 4.77) and 15-day interval (76.72 ± 4.67) in profile view and between the mean angles at the initial (90.88 ± 2.06) and 15-day interval (90.96 ± 1.96) in the frontal view Conclusion: This method allows us to take facial photographs by positioning the patient's head such that the FH plane is parallel to the floor. This method also helped us in standardization of facial photographs when photographs are taken in successive visits.

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A Cephalometric Study of Various Horizontal Reference Planes in Natural Head Position

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

A New Horizontal Plane of the Head

The maxillary-mandibular planes angle (MM?) bisector: A new reference plane for anteroposterior measurement of dental bases

Device to Take Facial Photographs in Frankfort Horizontal Plane in a Standardized Manner at Repeated Intervals

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