A cephalometric investigation of horizontal lip position in adult Nigerians

Isiekwe, Gerald Ikenna; daCosta, OO; Isiekwe, M

doi:10.1179/1465312512z.00000000026

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Adult Nigerian population showed more protrusive UL and LL than the normative values reported for Caucasians [21]. The Korean population is also reported to have greater degree of UL and LL protrusion when compared to a European American sample [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: a cephalometric analysis

Joshi

Maharjan

et al. 2015

Prog Orthod.

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BackgroundThe objectives of this paper are to (1) study use of soft tissue analyses advocated by Steiner, Ricketts, Burstone, Sushner and Holdway to develop soft tissue cephalometric norms as baseline data for sagittal lip position in Northeast Chinese adult population, (2) compare the sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions and (3) compare the sagittal lip positions in Northeast Chinese adults with other reported populations.MethodsLateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects were taken in natural head position. Radiographs were manually traced and five reference lines - Sushner, Steiner, Burstone, Holdway and Ricketts, were used. The linear distance between the tip of the lips and the five reference lines were measured. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. Descriptive analysis was done for each variable for each subject. Coefficient of variation between lip positions as assessed by reference lines was determined. Post hoc Tukey’s test was used for comparison of the mean cephalometric values of three skeletal malocclusions. The level of significance for the analysis was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe findings showed significant difference in the sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions. There was variation in consistent reference line in each skeletal malocclusion. The S2 line was the most consistent reference line in skeletal class I and class II group. The B line was the most consistent line in skeletal class III. In skeletal class II group, upper lips were the most protrusive and lower lips were retrusive than in skeletal class I and class III groups. In case of skeletal class III group, upper lips were retrusive and lower lips were more protrusive than in skeletal class I and class II groups.ConclusionsThe sagittal lip positions were found to be associated with the skeletal malocclusion pattern. Northeast Chinese population has protrusive upper and lower lip in comparison to Caucasians. Each skeletal malocclusion group showed different preferable reference lines for analysis of sagittal lip position.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40510-015-0077-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: a cephalometric analysis

Joshi

Maharjan

et al. 2015

Prog Orthod.

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“…[3][4][5][6][7]14,15] Furthermore, some studies have been carried out on the soft tissue cephalometric features of Nigerians. [16][17][18] However, there is currently a paucity of data on cephalometric studies of the nasal profile of the Nigerian population. This data if available would aid in treatment planning for orthodontics, rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] This analysis consists of 13 measurements, one of which is the nose prominence. [19] In previous studies, [16][17][18] the authors had extensively studied the soft tissue profile of Nigerians using different soft tissue analyses, including Holdaway's analysis. However the nose prominence was not included in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holdaway′s analysis of the nose prominence of an adult Nigerian population

Isiekwe¹,

daCosta²,

Utomi³

et al. 2015

Niger J Clin Pract

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“…Its surface morphology and bone density correlate with the pathogenesis of mandibular asymmetry and bilateral imbalanced occlusal force. With advances in anthropometry techniques, various studies attempt to objectively quantify maxillofacial tissue asymmetry with computed tomography (CT) [5], magnetic resonance image (MRI) [6], and cephalometric analyses [7]. However, most of the reports are limited to the linear measurement of condyle, such as lengths, angles and vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandibular asymmetry: a three-dimensional quantification of bilateral condyles

et al. 2013

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IntroductionThe shape and volume of the condyle is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the mandibular deviation. Curvature analysis is informative for objectively assess whether the shape of the condyles matches that of the glenoid fossa. In this study, a three-dimensional (3-D) quantification of bilateral asymmetrical condyles was firstly conducted to identify the specific role of 3-D condylar configuration for mandibular asymmetry.Methods55 adult patients, 26 males (26 ± 5 yrs) and 29 females (26 ± 5 yrs), diagnosed with mandibular asymmetry were included. The examination of deviation of chin point, deviation of dental midlines, inclination of occlusal plane, and depth of the mandibular occlusal plane were conducted. After the clinical investigation, computed tomography images from the patients were used to reconstruct the 3-D mandibular models. Then the condylar volume, surface size, surface curvature and bone mineral density were evaluated independently for each patient on non-deviated and deviated sides of temporomandibular joint.ResultsBoth the condylar surface size and volume were significantly larger on deviated side (surface size: 1666.14 ± 318.3 mm2, volume: 1981.5 ± 418.3 mm3). The anterior slope of the condyle was flatter (0.12 ± 0.06) and the posterior slope (0.39 ± 0.08) was prominently convex on the deviated side. The corresponding bone mineral density values were 523.01 ±118.1 HU and 549.07 ±120. 6 HU on anterior and posterior slopes.ConclusionsThe incongruence presented on the deviated side resulted in a reduction in contact areas and, thus, an increase in contact stresses and changes of bone density. All aforementioned results suggest that the difference existing between deviated and non-deviated condyles correlates with facial asymmetrical development. In mandibular asymmetry patients, the 3-D morphology of condyle on deviated side differ from the non-deviated side, which indicates the association between asymmetrical jaw function and joint remodeling.

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A cephalometric investigation of horizontal lip position in adult Nigerians

Abstract: Gender-specific soft tissue norms for horizontal lip position should be used for orthodontic treatment planning in Nigerian subjects. Nigerians have more protrusive upper and lower lips compared to Caucasians.

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: a cephalometric analysis

Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: a cephalometric analysis

Holdaway′s analysis of the nose prominence of an adult Nigerian population

Mandibular asymmetry: a three-dimensional quantification of bilateral condyles

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