A century of U.S. beach nourishment

Elko, Nicole; Briggs, Tiffany Roberts; Benedet, Lindino; Robertson, Quin; Thomson, Gordon; Webb, Bret M.; Garvey, Kimberly

doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105406

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Beach nourishment has been employed throughout the world. In the US, beach nourishment has been used since 1923 with an exponentially growth in sand volume placement by the end of the last century [9]. In Europe, beach nourishment interventions started after 1950.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beach Response to a Shoreface Nourishment (Aveiro, Portugal)

Mendes

Pais-Barbosa

Baptista

et al. 2021

JMSE

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In Aveiro (NW coast of Portugal), a coastal monitoring programme was carried out in sequence of a shoreface nourishment intervention (over than 2 M m3) performed in 2020. In this programme, almost one year of biweekly subaerial topographies and quarterly bathymetric surveys have been collected along a 10 km coastal stretch between June 2020 and June 2021. In this study, topographic and bathymetric surveys were analysed to assess the expectation that if the shoreface nourishment is located in sufficiently shallow water depths, its landward movement will feed adjacent beaches and, consequently, increase the subaerial beach volume. Results show that the subaerial beach volume is well correlated with the 1.05 m (above MSL) isoline displacement through time. While the seaward limit of the shoreface nourishment moved landwards about 200 m, the shoreline proxy (isoline of 1.05 m) displayed a maximum seaward displacement of 60 m. The displacement of the shoreline proxy was highly variable in space, along the 10 km coastal stretch, and also in time, during storm events. During such events, both landward and seawards displacement of the shoreline proxy took place, depending on the spatial position. Moreover, while beaches close to the initial shoreface nourishment intervention displayed faster accretion patterns than those located farther away, the well-defined onshore movement of the shoreface nourishment did not result in a considerable beach volume increase. The achieved results were also compared against case studies of shoreface nourishments with similar volumes performed worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beach Response to a Shoreface Nourishment (Aveiro, Portugal)

Mendes

Pais-Barbosa

Baptista

et al. 2021

JMSE

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“…As an indicator for erosion potential, we use the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) (Thieler and Hammar-Klose, 2000). This is preferred over shoreline change rates derived from satellites and/or beach surveys (e.g., Kratzmann et al, 2017;Luijendijk et al, 2018) as it excludes the influence of the regular beach nourishment of Florida beaches (Elko et al, 2021); our goal is to combine information on flood potential with information on erosion potential and compare it with landfill locations. For example, of the 1,099 landfills located in the present 100-year coastal flood zone, 87 are located near a coastline with a low CVI, 592 with a moderate CVI, and 420 with a high CVI (Figure 8).…”

Section: A Florida Perspective On Coastal Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results highlight the existing risk of flooding and erosion from storm surges and waves for coastal landfills across Florida, and by implication nationally. This risk will increase as sea level continues to rise and exacerbates beach erosion, which is constantly battled in Florida by recurring beach nourishment in support of the thriving tourism industry which is one of the largest contributors of the state's GDP (Elko et al, 2021). In the long-term, nourishment costs will increase as frequency is increased and sand availability is expected to decline.…”

Section: A Florida Perspective On Coastal Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal Landfills and Rising Sea Levels: A Challenge for the 21st Century

et al. 2021

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Populated coastal areas worldwide have a legacy of numerous solid waste disposal sites. At the same time, mean sea level is rising and likely to accelerate, increasing flooding and/or erosion. There is therefore concern that landfill sites located at and near the coast pose a growing risk to the environment from the potential release of liquid and solid waste materials. This paper aims to assess our present understanding of this issue as well as research and practice needs by synthesizing the available evidence across a set of developed country cases, comprising England, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States (Florida). Common insights gained here include: (1) a lack of data and limited appreciation of waste release from coastal landfill as a potential problem; (2) recognition of the scale and diversity of coastal landfill waste within a range of generic settings (or situations); and (3) a lack of robust protocols that allow the impact of different categories of waste release to the coast to be assessed in a consistent and evidence-based manner, most particularly for solid waste. Hence, a need for greater understanding of the following issues is identified: (1) the amount, character and impact of waste that could be released from landfill sites; (2) the acceptability and regulation of waste eroding from coastal landfills; (3) present and future erosion rates at landfill sites suggesting the need for more monitoring and relevant predictive tools; (4) the full range of possible management methods for dealing with waste release from landfills and the science to support them; and (5) relevant long-term funding mechanisms to address this issue. The main focus and experience of current management practice has been protection/retention, or removal of landfills, with limited consideration of other feasible solutions and how they might be facilitated. Approaches to assess and address solid waste release to the marine/coastal environment represent a particular gap. Lastly, as solid waste will persist indefinitely and sea levels will rise for many centuries, the long timescale of this issue needs wider appreciation and should be included in coastal and waste policy.

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“…These coastal states have been subjected to beach nourishment operations over the last century, the majority being in California (227 Mm 3 ) [67].…”

Section: Study Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation Using DSAS and AMBUR

Lima

Fernández-Fernández

Espinoza

et al. 2021

IJGI

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This paper presents the validation of the End Point Rate (EPR) tool for QGIS (EPR4Q), a tool built-in QGIS graphical modeler for calculating the shoreline change with the end point rate method. The EPR4Q tries to fill the gaps in user-friendly and free open-source tools for shoreline analysis in a geographic information system environment since the most used software—Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)—although being a free extension, it is created for commercial software. Additionally, the best free, open-source option to calculate EPR is called Analyzing Moving Boundaries Using R (AMBUR); since it is a robust and powerful tool, the complexity can restrict the accessibility and simple usage. The validation methodology consists of applying the EPR4Q, DSAS, and AMBUR with different types of shorelines found in nature, extracted from the US Geological Survey Open-File. The obtained results of each tool were compared with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The validation results indicate that the EPR4Q tool acquired high correlation values with DSAS and AMBUR, reaching a coefficient of 0.98 to 1.00 on linear, extensive, and non-extensive shorelines, proving that the EPR4Q tool is ready to be freely used by the academic, scientific, engineering, and coastal managers communities worldwide.

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A century of U.S. beach nourishment

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Beach Response to a Shoreface Nourishment (Aveiro, Portugal)

Beach Response to a Shoreface Nourishment (Aveiro, Portugal)

Coastal Landfills and Rising Sea Levels: A Challenge for the 21st Century

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation Using DSAS and AMBUR

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