A century of tobamovirus evolution in an Australian population of Nicotiana glauca

Fraile, Aurora; Escriu, Fernando; Aranda, Miguel A.; Malpica, José M.; Gibbs, Adrian; García‐Arenal, Fernando

doi:10.1128/jvi.71.11.8316-8320.1997

Cited by 124 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…2005), comparable studies of plant viruses are almost non-existent because most plant viruses employ RNA for their genomic material and this is more difficult to recover than DNA. Previous historical analysis has been limited to the recovery of tobamoviruses through re-infection of modern hosts with extracts of preserved tissue (Fraile et al . 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) preserved in herbarium specimens illuminate historical disease ecology of invasive and native grasses

et al. 2007

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Summary In plant invasion ecology, viruses and other pathogens are often considered in terms of the enemy release hypothesis, which predicts that plants become invasive in new ranges if they escape pathogens from their home range. However, pathogens may sometimes facilitate host spread rather than hinder it. Previously, we hypothesized that apparent competition mediated by barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (Luteoviridae: BYDVs, CYDVs) may have facilitated historical grassland invasion in California, USA, where Eurasian grasses displaced native grasses in the 18th and 19th centuries (the disease facilitation hypotheses). However, this could have happened only if the viruses were present during the invasion, which is unknown. To investigate the historical ecology of BYDVs in California grasses, we analysed preserved virus infections in herbarium specimens and used the historical virus sequences to determine rough time estimates of relevant phylogenetic events. The historical viral RNA sequences we identified in invasive and native grasses date from 1917 and are among the oldest recovered from plants thus far and the oldest from North America. Herbarium evidence and phylogenetic analysis suggest that BYDVs were likely to have been present in wild grasses during the California grassland invasion and to have shared some functional characteristics with present‐day isolates, supporting the disease facilitation hypothesis. We found evidence of virus spread from California to Australia (or, less likely, from Australia to California) in the late 19th century, when much horticultural exchange occurred, as well as potential correspondence in the timing of virus diversification events and the beginning of extensive human exchange between the Old and New Worlds. Synthesis. Increasing evidence indicates that viruses are important in the ecology of grasslands and may, in some cases, mediate apparent competition among species. Historical data provide essential insight into plant virus ecology and suggest the need to examine human influence on plant virus diversification and spread within natural ecosystems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) preserved in herbarium specimens illuminate historical disease ecology of invasive and native grasses

et al. 2007

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“…(Parkhurst, 1978), phenology (Borchert, 1996), history of invasive weeds (Forcella et al, 1986;Forcella and Harvey, 1988), and antibiotic effects of plant extracts (Eloff, 1999). They are also increasingly being used to document the occurrence of pathogens (McCain and Hennen, 1986;Plowman et al, 1990;Vergeer and Denhartog, 1991;Clay, 1993;Rabeler, 1993;Fraile et al, 1997;Barreto et al, 1998;Mouchacca and Horak, 1998;Pimentel et al, 1998;Ristaino, 1998;Koponen et al, 2000;Ristaino et al, 2001) and herbivores (Graham, 1995). In this study, we used herbarium collections to investigate the distribution of anther-smut disease, caused by Microbotryum violaceum, on several eastern U.S. species of Silene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbarium studies on the distribution of anther‐smut fungus (Microbotryum violaceum) and Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) in the eastern United States

Antonovics

Hood

Thrall

et al. 2003

American J of Botany

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We used herbarium specimens of Silene virginica, S. caroliniana, S. rotundifolia, and S. latifolia to survey the incidence of anther-smut disease (caused by Microbotryum violaceum sensu lato) in the eastern USA. We found no evidence of a collector bias against diseased specimens. Diseased specimens were frequently found in collections of S. virginica and S. caroliniana, but not in those of S. rotundifolia or S. latifolia. Disease incidence in S. virginica and S. caroliniana increased significantly over the past century and was higher in marginal populations. The absence of disease in specimens of S. rotundifolia is consistent with field observations, but its presence in natural populations of S. latifolia (especially in Virginia) suggests that the disease is recently introduced. Changes in the host distributions were also evident. The relative abundance of S. caroliniana declined over time (especially further north), while the relative abundance of S. virginica increased. Silene latifolia was absent or rare south of Pennsylvania before ca. 1920, indicating that S. latifolia and its anther smut are likely to be recent introductions in Virginia. Methods are also presented that quantify the completeness of coverage provided by herbarium specimens.

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“…10 Conversely the use of Carnoy's fluid, a preservative containing mercuric salts, to improve the preservation of dried plant specimens (up until the 1970s) was counter-productive in one study. 13 RNA viruses were not isolated from herbarium specimens preserved with mercury salts. When this traditional practise was used to soak dried Tobacco mild green mottle virus (TMGMV)-infected Nicotiana glauca leaves, 90%-95% of infectivity was lost within 3 months.…”

Section: Small Molecules Affect the Preservation Of Biomoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobamoviruses were revived from 100-year-old dried leaf material which was ground, successfully extracted, and inoculated to hosts plants. 13 Virus began replicating and the infected plants developed symptoms indicating that the viruses' linear single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genomes (∼6.4 kb long), protected by capsid protein, survived well enough to establish infection after 100 years. Tobamovirions are notoriously stable and can withstand drying and even heating to 85 • C; so what of naked RNA?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for analyzing ancient RNA in preserved materials

Guy

2013

WIREs RNA

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An ever increasing wealth of ancient biological material is providing opportunities to study biomolecules. Animal, plant, and microbial samples dating back hundreds, thousands, and even millions of years have been preserved in a dry state under climatic conditions ranging from the arctic to hot deserts. Various small molecules, often crystalized or polymerized, have improved preservation. Modern methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mass spectrometry, and shotgun sequencing have detected and characterized ancient biomolecules. Modern sequencing has the capacity not only to assemble the whole genome of the target host but also those of the host's parasites, mutualists, and commensals. The study of ancient RNA has barely begun. Several studies show that RNA has been preserved for decades to hundreds of years and the germination of ancient seeds implies that messenger RNA can be preserved for thousands of years. This review briefly examines the types of ancient materials available and assesses their suitability for the study of ancient RNA. Sequencing RNA from this material has the potential not only to illuminate the target host's transcriptome and small RNAs but also to characterize the host's RNA parasites: viruses and viroids.

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A century of tobamovirus evolution in an Australian population of Nicotiana glauca

Cited by 124 publications

References 31 publications

Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) preserved in herbarium specimens illuminate historical disease ecology of invasive and native grasses

Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) preserved in herbarium specimens illuminate historical disease ecology of invasive and native grasses

Herbarium studies on the distribution of anther‐smut fungus (Microbotryum violaceum) and Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) in the eastern United States

Prospects for analyzing ancient RNA in preserved materials

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