A century of exercise physiology: effects of muscle contraction and exercise on skeletal muscle Na+,K+-ATPase, Na+ and K+ ions, and on plasma K+ concentration—historical developments
Michael J. McKenna,
Jean-Marc Renaud,
Niels Ørtenblad
et al.
Abstract:This historical review traces key discoveries regarding K+ and Na+ ions in skeletal muscle at rest and with exercise, including contents and concentrations, Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) and exercise effects on plasma [K+] in humans. Following initial measures in 1896 of muscle contents in various species, including humans, electrical stimulation of animal muscle showed K+ loss and gains in Na+, Cl− and H20, then subsequently bidirectional muscle K+ and Na+ fluxes. After NKA discovery in 1957, methods were developed to … Show more
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