A Century Apart: The Genocidal Enslavement of Armenian and Yazidi Women

Marczak, Nikki

doi:10.1057/978-1-137-60117-9_7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Particularly women and girls are affected by sexual violence. This is systematically used as a “war tool” by ISIS—on the one hand because of the physical and psychological consequences for those affected, on the other hand also because of the consequences for the community [37,38,39,40,41,42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The events of massive attacks by the IS are also to be considered in a historical context: The history of the Yezidis is characterized by recurring phases of oppression and attacks by Muslim or Ottoman rulers. Thus, historical resources record 74 episodes of genocide [40,44,46,105,106,107]. Thus, Yezidis are facing three types of trauma: Their individual recent trauma, a historical trauma, and a collective trauma as well [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Narrative Review: The (Mental) Health Consequences of the Northern Iraq Offensive of ISIS in 2014 for Female Yezidis

Jäger

Rammelt

Ott

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The Yezidis who represent a religious minority living in Northern Iraq were particularly affected by the persecution by ISIS (Islamic state of Iraq and Syria, syn.: ISIL—Islamic state of Iraq and the Levant) that gained power after 2013. This paper gives an overview of the events and the mental health consequences on the Yezidi community as well as associated influences on affected female Yezidis. Based on a systematic literature search, the aspects of “Persecution by ISIS and actual situation of the Yezidi community”, “Gender-specific aspects of the persecution and its consequences”, “Mental health of the affected women”, and “Cultural–historical and religious context” are worked out. Research indicates a high burden of health strain and mental health problems in the surviving Yezidi women, especially post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) and depression. Concerning transgenerational trauma, the recent genocide has revived past experiences in the history of the community. Like the narrow cultural and religious rules of the community, this can be both a resource and a burden. The actual extent of the attacks is neither predictable for the affected individuals nor for the community, consequences could also be passed onto descendants. Long-term care and support of the affected persons, their descendants, and the Yezidi community seems indispensable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrative Review: The (Mental) Health Consequences of the Northern Iraq Offensive of ISIS in 2014 for Female Yezidis

Jäger

Rammelt

Ott

et al. 2019

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent and widely shared media reports (Buck, 2017;Porter, 2018) about the Yazidi refugee survivors of Daesh and psychologists working with Yazidis across Canada have all observed that the level of trauma they have experienced is significant (Health Reference Centre, 2018;Hoffman et al, 2018;Multicultural Health Brokers Cooperative, 2017). Yazidis have experienced genocide at least 74 times, the most recent being the attacks in Sinjar in August 2014 (Marczak, 2018; Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2016). As a result, their trauma is intergenerational.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of a “home”: Comparing the housing challenges experienced by recently arrived Yazidi and Syrian refugees in Canada

Bhattacharyya

Ogoe

Riziki

et al. 2020

Applied Psycholinguistics

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Housing that is affordable and appropriate is a necessity for successful integration for all newcomers. It is not uncommon for newcomers to Canada to report difficulties finding suitable, safe, and affordable housing for their families. For refugees, however, the challenges are sometimes greater. Settlement organizations and refugee sponsors experience various challenges in accommodating families with large numbers of children, but as our research shows, refugee groups have differing needs based on their culture, family composition, and experience of trauma. Using data collected from two recent studies, we identify and compare the housing needs of two newly arrived groups of refugees to Canada: Syrians and Yazidis from northern Iraq. All participants in our study have lived in Canada for 2 years or less and currently live in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, or Ontario. Data was collected either by face-to-face surveys (with Syrian participants) or unstructured interviews (with Yazidi women) conducted in Arabic, Kurmanji, or English. We discuss their experiences of living in resettlement centers and their transition to independent housing. In addition, we discuss how family composition and previous trauma influence their housing experiences with special attention to how increasing agency increases satisfaction with housing.

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“…Understandably, the bulk of the extant scholarly literature has focused on the gendered nature of the genocide against the Yezidi, focusing specifically on the forced sexual slavery of thousands of Yezidi women. This has included comparative studies which contrast the suffering of Yezidi women with those of women who endured earlier waves of genocide in the Middle East (Marczak, 2018); the IS's selective interpretation of Islamist doctrine to justify the taking of female slaves (Nicolaus and Yuce, 2017); and the ongoing suffering of Yezidi women now living in refugee camps in the Kurdish Region of northern Iraq in terms of how they deal with trauma and the challenges of integrating into their new communities (Dulz, 2016). However, others have argued that this emphasis on Yezidi women's suffering not only reproduces patriarchal and Orientalist discourses of the female Yezidi victim, but also obfuscates the very real suffering of Yezidi men, children and the women who were not taken into sexual slavery (Buffon and Allison, 2016).…”

Section: The Is Attacks On the Yezidis: Genocide And Heritage Destrucmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Islamic State’s destruction of Yezidi heritage: Responses, resilience and reconstruction after genocide

Isakhan

Shahab

2019

Journal of Social Archaeology

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After conquering large swathes of northern Iraq, the Islamic State undertook an aggressive genocidal campaign against the Yezidi people in which they not only executed and enslaved thousands of innocent civilians, but also damaged or destroyed several key Yezidi temples and shrines. Drawing on a small sample of in-depth semi-structured interviews with Yezidi men and women from two regions conquered by the Islamic State, this article documents the effect this wave of persecution has had on these Yezidi individuals. It finds that the attacks by the Islamic State on Yezidis and their heritage sites have caused considerable suffering among the community, in part because of their inability to practise their intangible religious rituals and customs. However, the Yezidi people have also demonstrated remarkable resistance and resilience to the Islamic State genocide in terms of returning to their ancient homelands, reconstructing their heritage sites and the re-emergence of their intangible religious heritage practices. The article concludes by noting that the new insights gleaned from these interviews are a step towards better understanding the relationship between tangible and intangible heritage in the wake of conflict, genocide and mass heritage destruction.

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A Century Apart: The Genocidal Enslavement of Armenian and Yazidi Women

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Narrative Review: The (Mental) Health Consequences of the Northern Iraq Offensive of ISIS in 2014 for Female Yezidis

Narrative Review: The (Mental) Health Consequences of the Northern Iraq Offensive of ISIS in 2014 for Female Yezidis

In search of a “home”: Comparing the housing challenges experienced by recently arrived Yazidi and Syrian refugees in Canada

The Islamic State’s destruction of Yezidi heritage: Responses, resilience and reconstruction after genocide

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