A Central Neural Pathway Controlling Odor Tracking in<i>Drosophila</i>

Slater, Gemma; Levy, Peter; Chan, K. L. Andrew; Larsen, Camilla

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2331-14.2015

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most MBONs/DANs/OANs were uniquely identifiable on the basis of the dendritic and axonal projection patterns (which MB compartment they projected to and the shape of input or output arbor outside the MB). These were also compared with previously reported single-cell FLP-outs of dopaminergic and octopaminergic neurons in the larva 8,9,73–75 . Some compartments were innervated by an indistinguishable pair of MBONs or MBINs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain

Eichler

Litwin-Kumar

et al. 2017

Nature

462

726

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Associating stimuli with positive or negative reinforcement is essential for survival, but a complete wiring diagram of a higher-order circuit supporting associative memory has not been previously available. Here we reconstruct one such circuit at synaptic resolution, the Drosophila larval mushroom body. We find that most Kenyon cells integrate random combinations of inputs but that a subset receives stereotyped inputs from single projection neurons. This organization maximizes performance of a model output neuron on a stimulus discrimination task. We also report a novel canonical circuit in each mushroom body compartment with previously unidentified connections: reciprocal Kenyon cell to modulatory neuron connections, modulatory neuron to output neuron connections, and a surprisingly high number of recurrent connections between Kenyon cells. Stereotyped connections found between output neurons could enhance the selection of learned behaviours. The complete circuit map of the mushroom body should guide future functional studies of this learning and memory centre.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain

Eichler

Litwin-Kumar

et al. 2017

Nature

462

726

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“…Some central neuron types have also been identified [24]. For examples, the lateral neurons (LNs) downstream of photoreceptor neurons and a pair of neurons in the brain have been shown to be implicated in phototaxis [12,25,26], a central neuron pathway has been identified for odor tracking [27,28], and the SEZ as a premotor center has been shown to regulate the selection of behavioral programs based on the integration of sensory stimuli of different modalities [29]. However, despite these findings, the central components of the neural circuits underlying taxis strategies (regulating when to turn, which way to turn, and how much to turn) are still poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Substrates of Drosophila Larval Anemotaxis

et al. 2019

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Graphical AbstractHighlights d Drosophila larvae perform negative anemotaxis d To anemotax, larvae modulate the turn rate, size, and direction as in other taxis d Chordotonal and multidendritic class III sensory neurons together mediate anemotaxis d The anemotactic circuitry involves both the nerve cord and the brain SUMMARY Animals use sensory information to move toward more favorable conditions. Drosophila larvae can move up or down gradients of odors (chemotax), light (phototax), and temperature (thermotax) by modulating the probability, direction, and size of turns based on sensory input. Whether larvae can anemotax in gradients of mechanosensory cues is unknown. Further, although many of the sensory neurons that mediate taxis have been described, the central circuits are not well understood. Here, we used highthroughput, quantitative behavioral assays to demonstrate Drosophila larvae anemotax in gradients of wind speeds and to characterize the behavioral strategies involved. We found that larvae modulate the probability, direction, and size of turns to move away from higher wind speeds. This suggests that similar central decision-making mechanisms underlie taxis in somatosensory and other sensory modalities. By silencing the activity of single or very few neuron types in a behavioral screen, we found two sensory (chordotonal and multidendritic class III) and six nerve cord neuron types involved in anemotaxis. We reconstructed the identified neurons in an electron microscopy volume that spans the entire larval nervous system and found they received direct input from the mechanosensory neurons or from each other. In this way, we identified local interneurons and firstand second-order subesophageal zone (SEZ) and brain projection neurons. Finally, silencing a dopaminergic brain neuron type impairs anemotaxis. These findings suggest that anemotaxis involves both nerve cord and brain circuits. The candidate neurons and circuitry identified in our study provide a basis for future detailed mechanistic understanding of the circuit principles of anemotaxis. CATMAID https://catmaid.readthedocs.org/ [32] MATLAB http://www.mathworks.com [45, 69] Current Biology 29, 554-566.e1-e4, February 18, 2019 e1

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“…In order to visualize cells and their presynaptic terminals, UAS‐DsRed‐neuronal synaptobrevin‐GFP (n‐syb‐GFP) (a generous gift from A. Kamikouchi, Kamikouchi, Shimada, & Ito, ) was used. Silencing of pontine neurons was accomplished using NP2320‐GAL4 combined with tublin‐gal80 ts and UAS‐ kir 2.1 (a generous gift from C. Larsen; Slater, Levy, Chan, & Larsen, ; Suster, Seugnet, Bate, & Sokolowski, ). Kir 2.1 is an inward‐rectifying potassium channel and is widely used for silencing neurons in fruit flies (Baines, Uhler, Thompson, Sweeney, & Bate, ; Slater et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silencing of pontine neurons was accomplished using NP2320-GAL4 combined with tublin-gal80 ts and UASkir 2.1 (a generous gift from C. Larsen; Slater, Levy, Chan, & Larsen, 2015;Suster, Seugnet, Bate, & Sokolowski, 2004). Kir 2.1 is an inward-rectifying potassium channel and is widely used for silencing neurons in fruit flies (Baines, Uhler, Thompson, Sweeney, & Bate, 2001;Slater et al, 2015). We reared NP2320-Gal4 × tublin-gal80 ts , UAS-kir 2.1 flies at 30°C or 18°C for 2 days after eclosion and allowed them to recover for 3 hr at 25°C just before measuring the OMR.…”

Section: Fliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine modulates the optomotor response to unreliable visual stimuli in Drosophila melanogaster

Akiba

Sugimoto

Aoki

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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State‐dependent modulation of sensory systems has been studied in many organisms and is possibly mediated through neuromodulators such as monoamine neurotransmitters. Among these, dopamine is involved in many aspects of animal behaviour, including movement control, attention, motivation and cognition. However, the precise neural mechanism underlying dopaminergic modulation of behaviour induced by sensory stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster to show that dopamine can modulate the optomotor response to moving visual stimuli including noise. The optomotor response is the head‐turning response to moving objects, which is observed in most sight‐reliant animals including mammals and insects. First, the effects of the dopamine system on the optomotor response were investigated in mutant flies deficient in dopamine receptors D1R1 or D1R2, which are involved in the modulation of sleep‐arousal in flies. We examined the optomotor response in D1R1 knockout (D1R1 KO) and D1R2 knockout (D1R2 KO) flies and found that it was not affected in D1R1 KO flies; however, it was significantly reduced in D1R2 KO flies compared with the wild type. Using cell‐type‐specific expression of an RNA interference construct of D1R2, we identified the fan‐shaped body, a part of the central complex, responsible for dopamine‐mediated modulation of the optomotor response. In particular, pontine cells in the fan‐shaped body seemed important in the modulation of the optomotor response, and their neural activity was required for the optomotor response. These results suggest a novel role of the central complex in the modulation of a behaviour based on the processing of sensory stimulations.

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A Central Neural Pathway Controlling Odor Tracking inDrosophila

Cited by 26 publications

References 47 publications

The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain

The complete connectome of a learning and memory centre in an insect brain

Neural Substrates of Drosophila Larval Anemotaxis

Dopamine modulates the optomotor response to unreliable visual stimuli in Drosophila melanogaster

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