2012
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00512.2011
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A cell-autonomous role for the glucocorticoid receptor in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by systemic glucocorticoid exposure

Abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle mass, and prolonged exposure will induce significant muscle atrophy. To better understand the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by elevated GC levels, we examined three different models: exogenous synthetic GC treatment [dexamethasone (DEX)], nutritional deprivation, and denervation. Specifically, we tested the direct contribution of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skeletal muscle atrophy by creating a muscle-specific GR-knockout … Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(67 citation statements)
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“…Interestingly, expression of a mutant GR that lacks the ability to translocate to the nucleus upon ligand binding in the MGRKO background at least partially rescues the atrophy and MAFbx/atrogin-1 induction in the diabetes model. Their data support a two step model for glucocorticoid induced atrophy in response to induced diabetes and starvation [ 144 ]: namely, insulin signaling must decrease or be otherwise impaired in order for the ligand activated GR to effectively further reduce PI3 kinase activity via a cytoplasmic interaction and activate KO mice nor was atrophy induced gene expression altered, demonstrating that the GR is not uniformly required for all conditions resulting in atrophy and it may be restricted to catabolic states [ 161 ]. These studies followed from prior work with a dimerization mutant GR expressing mouse line that surprisingly did not prevent excess glucocorticoid induced muscle atrophy, despite the presence of a near perfect palindromic GRE in the MuRF1 promoter [ 134 ].…”
Section: Genetic Approaches For Gr Functional Analysis In Skeletal Mumentioning
confidence: 72%
“…Interestingly, expression of a mutant GR that lacks the ability to translocate to the nucleus upon ligand binding in the MGRKO background at least partially rescues the atrophy and MAFbx/atrogin-1 induction in the diabetes model. Their data support a two step model for glucocorticoid induced atrophy in response to induced diabetes and starvation [ 144 ]: namely, insulin signaling must decrease or be otherwise impaired in order for the ligand activated GR to effectively further reduce PI3 kinase activity via a cytoplasmic interaction and activate KO mice nor was atrophy induced gene expression altered, demonstrating that the GR is not uniformly required for all conditions resulting in atrophy and it may be restricted to catabolic states [ 161 ]. These studies followed from prior work with a dimerization mutant GR expressing mouse line that surprisingly did not prevent excess glucocorticoid induced muscle atrophy, despite the presence of a near perfect palindromic GRE in the MuRF1 promoter [ 134 ].…”
Section: Genetic Approaches For Gr Functional Analysis In Skeletal Mumentioning
confidence: 72%
“…CORT both increases proteolysis and inhibits protein synthesis, freeing up amino acids to be used as substrates for gluconeogenesis (Hasselgren, 1999;Sapolsky et al, 2000). Because of this catabolic role, exogenous CORT administered through diet, implants or injections typically causes muscle wasting (Busch et al, 2008; Gray et al, 1990;Hull et al, 2007;Tomas et al, 1979); in mammals, this muscle-wasting effect is mediated by GR (Watson et al, 2012). Increased muscle receptor density in response to chronic stress, perhaps as part of a shift towards protein as an energy source, could help explain why muscle wasting occurs in these studies.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Muscle specifi c GR KO mice were completely protected from dexamethasone mediated muscle atrophy [ 37 ] indicating this is a cell autonomous process. Induction of the atrogins MURF1 and MAFbx1 was abrogated in muscle specifi c GR KO mice treated with glucocorticoid.…”
Section: Musclementioning
confidence: 97%