“…In Figure 2c, we systematically summarized the comparison of the cycling lifespan, voltage hysteresis at low current density and fixed areal capacity between CWK biogel electrolyte and some literatures reported gel electrolyte or modified separator adopted symmetric Zn batteries. [23,27,[35][36][37][38][39] Overall, the CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte enhanced Zn anode manifests distinguishing cycling stability among all reported systems, [17,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] which also beyond that of other enhancement strategies, including electrolyte additives and Zn anode direct decoration (Tables S1-S4, Supporting Information). Furthermore, the power density of the Zn-ion battery is also imposed by the rate performance of Zn anode, which verified via Zn symmetric batteries under increased current density.…”
Section: Electrochemical Performance Of Zn-metal Batteries With Cwk H...mentioning
Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as a promising energy supply for next‐generation wearable electronics, yet they are still impeded by the notorious growth of zinc dendrite and uncontrollable side reaction. While the rational design of electrolyte composition or separator decoration can effectively restrain zinc dendrite growth, synchronously regulating the interfacial electrochemical performance by tackling the physical delamination venture between electrode and electrolyte remains a major obstacle for high‐performance wearable aqueous ZIB. Herein, a category of hybrid biogel electrolyte containing carrageenan and wool keratin (CWK) is put forward to regulate the interfacial electrochemistry in aqueous ZIB. Systematic electrochemical kinetics analyses and ex situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) characterizations achieve comprehensive understanding of the keratin enhanced interfacial Zn2+ redox reaction. Thanks to the keratin triggered selective ion permeability, the as‐designed CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte manifests a promoted Zn2+ transference number and excellent reversibility of Zn plating/stripping and outstanding Zn utilization (average Coulombic efficiency ≈98%). More impressively, the CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte also demonstrates cathode side‐reaction depression and strengthened interfacial adhesion while assembled into a quasi‐solid‐state flexible ZIB. This work offers a strategy to synchronously solve concurrent challenges for both of Zn anode and cathode toward realistic wearable aqueous ZIB.
“…In Figure 2c, we systematically summarized the comparison of the cycling lifespan, voltage hysteresis at low current density and fixed areal capacity between CWK biogel electrolyte and some literatures reported gel electrolyte or modified separator adopted symmetric Zn batteries. [23,27,[35][36][37][38][39] Overall, the CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte enhanced Zn anode manifests distinguishing cycling stability among all reported systems, [17,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] which also beyond that of other enhancement strategies, including electrolyte additives and Zn anode direct decoration (Tables S1-S4, Supporting Information). Furthermore, the power density of the Zn-ion battery is also imposed by the rate performance of Zn anode, which verified via Zn symmetric batteries under increased current density.…”
Section: Electrochemical Performance Of Zn-metal Batteries With Cwk H...mentioning
Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as a promising energy supply for next‐generation wearable electronics, yet they are still impeded by the notorious growth of zinc dendrite and uncontrollable side reaction. While the rational design of electrolyte composition or separator decoration can effectively restrain zinc dendrite growth, synchronously regulating the interfacial electrochemical performance by tackling the physical delamination venture between electrode and electrolyte remains a major obstacle for high‐performance wearable aqueous ZIB. Herein, a category of hybrid biogel electrolyte containing carrageenan and wool keratin (CWK) is put forward to regulate the interfacial electrochemistry in aqueous ZIB. Systematic electrochemical kinetics analyses and ex situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) characterizations achieve comprehensive understanding of the keratin enhanced interfacial Zn2+ redox reaction. Thanks to the keratin triggered selective ion permeability, the as‐designed CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte manifests a promoted Zn2+ transference number and excellent reversibility of Zn plating/stripping and outstanding Zn utilization (average Coulombic efficiency ≈98%). More impressively, the CWK hybrid biogel electrolyte also demonstrates cathode side‐reaction depression and strengthened interfacial adhesion while assembled into a quasi‐solid‐state flexible ZIB. This work offers a strategy to synchronously solve concurrent challenges for both of Zn anode and cathode toward realistic wearable aqueous ZIB.
“…Over the past decade, extensive research has been conducted to address the aforementioned issues of Zn anodes, including functional nucleation regulations, − three-dimensional electrode engineering, − surface manipulation, − separator design, , concentrated electrolytes, − and electrolyte additives. − Among them, manipulating the Zn/electrolyte interface is considered as one of the most promising ways to improve the Zn anode because it could conveniently regulate the ion transfer, solvent, and electric field distribution at the interface, which plays a determining role in the reversibility and uniformity of Zn plating/stripping behavior. Thus far, various materials and methods have been applied to construct a functional protective layer or artificial solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Zn anode, including inorganic metal oxides and elastic polymers.…”
Zinc
metal holds a great potential as an anode material for next-generation
aqueous batteries due to its suitable redox potential, high specific
capacity, and low cost. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth
and detrimental side reactions with electrolytes hinder the practical
application of this type of electrodes. To tackle the issues, an ultrathin
(∼1 μm) sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) solid–electrolyte
interphase (SEI) is constructed onto the Zn anode surface by a facile
spin-coating method. We demonstrate that the polymeric SEI simultaneously
blocks the water molecules and anions, uniformizes the ion flux, and
facilitates the desolvation process of Zn2+ ions, thus
effectively suppressing the side reactions and Zn dendrite formation.
As a result, the newly developed Zn@SPEEK anode enables a symmetric
cell to stably operate over 1000 cycles at 5 mA cm–2 without degradation. Moreover, with the Zn anode paired with a MnO2 cathode, the full cell exhibits an improved Coulombic efficiency
(over 99% at 0.1 A g–1), a superior rate capability
(127 mA h g–1 at 2 A g–1), and
excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 70% over 1000 cycles
at 1 A g–1). This work provides a facile yet effective
strategy to address the critical challenges in Zn anodes, paving the
way for the development of high-performance rechargeable aqueous batteries.
“…Continuing this modification strategy, a Zn 2+ -substituted Nafion separator (Zn-Nafion) was designed (Fig. 24 b) [ 173 ]. Compared with the GF separator, the Zn-Nafion separator has dominant physical properties: High mechanical strength enables better tolerance to dendrites (Fig.…”
Section: Design and Optimization Of High-performance Zn Anode In Mild Aqueous Zibsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 24 SEM images of a GF and b Zn-Nafion separators; c The stress–strain curves (the inset is a magnified stress–strain curve of the GF separator); d The water uptake; e The 3D height images for the surface of the (right) GF separator and (left) Zn-Nafion separator after the first cycle [ 173 ]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry …”
Section: Design and Optimization Of High-performance Zn Anode In Mild Aqueous Zibsmentioning
The rapid advance of mild aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) is driving the development of the energy storage system market. But the thorny issues of Zn anodes, mainly including dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, severely reduce the performance of ZIBs. To commercialize ZIBs, researchers must overcome formidable challenges. Research about mild aqueous ZIBs is still developing. Various technical and scientific obstacles to designing Zn anodes with high stripping efficiency and long cycling life have not been resolved. Moreover, the performance of Zn anodes is a complex scientific issue determined by various parameters, most of which are often ignored, failing to achieve the maximum performance of the cell. This review proposes a comprehensive overview of existing Zn anode issues and the corresponding strategies, frontiers, and development trends to deeply comprehend the essence and inner connection of degradation mechanism and performance. First, the formation mechanism of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and their influence on the anode are analyzed. Furthermore, various strategies for constructing stable Zn anodes are summarized and discussed in detail from multiple perspectives. These strategies are mainly divided into interface modification, structural anode, alloying anode, intercalation anode, liquid electrolyte, non-liquid electrolyte, separator design, and other strategies. Finally, research directions and prospects are put forward for Zn anodes. This contribution highlights the latest developments and provides new insights into the advanced Zn anode for future research.
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