A case study of contaminants on military ranges: Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, USA

Clausen, Jay L.; Robb, Joe; Curry, Diane; Korte, Nic

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.10.002

Cited by 184 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Contamination of soil and groundwater with high explosive (HE) compounds has been observed at many military training ranges (Jenkins et al, 2001;Pennington et al, 2002;Clausen et al, 2004). The primary source of HE contamination at these sites is residues from detonation of military munitions including projectiles (e.g., mortar and artillery rounds), grenades, land mines, aerial bombs, and missiles, as well as ordnance demolition charges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil

Morley

Yamamoto

Speitel

et al. 2006

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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Solid phase high explosive (HE) residues from munitions detonation may be a persistent source of soil and groundwater contamination at military training ranges. Saturated soil column tests were conducted to observe the dissolution behavior of individual components (RDX, HMX, and TNT) from two HE formulations (Comp B and C4). HE particles dissolved readily, with higher velocities yielding higher dissolution rates, higher mass transfer coefficients, and lower effluent concentrations. Effluent concentrations were below solubility limits for all components at superficial velocities of 10-50 cm day À1. Under continuous flow at 50 cm day À1 , RDX dissolution rates from Comp B and C4 were 34.6 and 97.6 Ag h À1 cm À2 (based on initial RDX surface area), respectively, significantly lower than previously reported dissolution rates. Cycling between flow and no-flow conditions had a small effect on the dissolution rates and effluent concentrations; however, TNT dissolution from Comp B was enhanced under intermittent-flow conditions. A model that includes advection, dispersion, and film transfer resistance was developed to estimate the steady-state effluent concentrations. D

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil

Morley

Yamamoto

Speitel

et al. 2006

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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“…These MCs, as compared to the non-explosive MCs, are generally well-studied on a generic or macro level but poorly understood under most site-specific conditions. An extensive study by Pennington et al (2001Pennington et al ( , 2003Pennington et al ( , 2004Pennington et al ( , 2005Pennington et al ( , and 2006) and Clausen et al (2004Clausen et al ( , 2006 at Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, identified a list of MCs that were considered important to monitor. While MCs are the primary chemicals typically associated with ranges because of their use in munitions, chemicals other than those included on the 'standard' list of MCs also may exist on ranges (e.g., herbicides).…”

Section: Identification Of Range-related Chemicals Of Potential Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sustainable NATO/EU Partnership for the Future

Pfrengle¹

2008

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“…These ranges can no longer be treated as fire-and-forget facilities. Lawsuits at both the Massachusetts Military Reservation ( USEPA 2000, Clausen et al 2004) and Eagle River Flats in Alaska (USAEC 2005) have resulted from the environmental impacts of training activities. These lawsuits and the potential of others to restrict or eliminate training activities have triggered a need to quantify the impact that the detonation of munitions, both live-fire and blow-in-place, have on ranges.…”

Section: Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explosives Residues Resulting from the Detonation of Common Military Munitions: 2002-2006

Walsh¹

2007

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Detonation of military munitions from live-fire and blow-in-place operations results in the deposition of explosives residues on training ranges. Residue accumulation may cause range availability restrictions and adversely affect training. As part of the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and through support from the U. S. Army Garrison, Alaska, methodologies were developed for the sampling and analysis of residues. Several munitions were detonated and their residues examined to obtain an estimation of deposition rates for some common military munitions. This paper summarizes and compares tests conducted from 2002 through 2006 on mortar and howitzer rounds. Tests were conducted on snow-covered ice, thereby allowing residue quantification on a per-round basis. Explosives constituents investigated included trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethlene-trinitramine (RDX), and cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine (HMX). Analysis of test results indicates live-fire detonations are very efficient, resulting in about 3 × 10 -4 % of the original explosive load in the residues. Blow-in-place detonations, when high order, average an order of magnitude more explosive residue, 3 × 10 -3 %. Rounds undergoing loworder detonation will be the most significant short-term source of explosives in the range. Corroded or ruptured dudded rounds are a greater long-term source. These estimates can be used as baseline input for range sustainability and maintenance planning.

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A case study of contaminants on military ranges: Camp Edwards, Massachusetts, USA

Cited by 184 publications

References 7 publications

Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil

Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil

A Sustainable NATO/EU Partnership for the Future

Explosives Residues Resulting from the Detonation of Common Military Munitions: 2002-2006

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