A case study for the formation of stanene on a metal surface

Maniraj, M.; Stadtmüller, Benjamin; Jungkenn, Dominik; Düvel, Marten; Emmerich, Sebastian; Shi, Wujun; Stöckl, Johannes; Lyu, Lu; Kollamana, Jobynson; Wei, Zi-Cheng; Jurenkow, Anatol; Jakobs, S.; Yan, Binghai; Steil, Sabine; Cinchetti, Mirko; Mathias, Stefan; Aeschlimann, Martin

doi:10.1038/s42005-019-0111-2

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…A few groups have studied the growth of tin on gold (111) surfaces by different methods [22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, the experimental realization of stanene remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

Pang

Nishino

Ogikubo

et al. 2020

Applied Surface Science

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Stanene, which is predicted to be a quantum spin Hall topological insulator with tunable topological state, seems to be the most promising candidate of the post-graphene elemental two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we prepared epitaxial honeycomb-like stanene on gold (111) substrates and investigated its superstructure by Low Energy Electron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Angle-Resolved PhotoEmission Spectroscopy was applied to explore the electronic structures, further confirmed by first principles calculations. The stanene-like sheet forms a nearly planar structure on the Au(111) surface with a "2×√3" superstructure in large surface areas. Core-level spectroscopy reveals that the stanene-like sheet lays almost directly on the Au(111) surface. This is consistent with DFT calculations of the atomic structure. A characteristic 2D band with parabolic dis-persion is observed.

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“…A few groups have studied the growth of tin on gold (111) surfaces by different methods [22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, the experimental realization of stanene remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

Pang

Nishino

Ogikubo

et al. 2020

Applied Surface Science

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“…Maniraj et al . synthesized stanene on Au(111) surface in UHV chamber with base pressure <1×10 −10 mbar, showing linearly dispersing band at the Γ ‐point with an exceptionally high Fermi velocity of 1×10 6 m/s …”

Section: Synthesis Structure and Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Elemental Nanomaterials Beyond Graphene

2019

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Graphene is a well‐known 2D material with potential applications. In recent years, 2D materials of other elements have come to the fore. These are borophene in group III, silicene, germanene and stanene in group IV and phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene in group V. In this article, we discuss the synthesis, structure and properties of the elemental 2D materials beyond graphene. Of the various elemental 2D materials, borophene, silicene and phosphorene are interesting in terms of stability and properties leading to possible applications. We have described potential applications of other 2D materials as well.

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“…It is a large gap (0.3 eV) quantum spin Hall insulator with emergence of robust 2D topological insulating states that are considered to be ideal for quantum transport [30]. Epitaxial growth of stanene and 2D Sn superstructures in buckled or planar forms on the substrates such as Cu(111) [30], Bi 2 Te 3 (0001) [31], Ag(111) [32], Au(111) [33][34][35] have been successfully demonstrated. Buckling in stanene happens as a result of the substrate as well as due to preference of sp 3 hybridization of Sn over sp 2 which lowers the bond angles from 120 0 and increases the bond lengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ STS studies and first principles calculations on bare and Sn adsorbed UHV exfoliated WS₂ layers

Mohan

Singh

Sahoo

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstarct. Two dimensional (2D) derivatives of tin (Sn) have obtained special deliberations recently due to practical realization of planar, as well as, buckled hexagonal lattice of Sn called stanene. However, it has been observed that proper choice of substrate is very important for growth of stanene like films owing to large core size of Sn that prefers sp 3 hybridization over sp 2. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like MoS2 or WS2 with honey comb lattice structure seem to be promising substrate candidates for 2D growth of Sn. In the present work, we report mechanical exfoliation of few layers of WS2 under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions and investigations of growth and local electronic structure by in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) studies. Flat WS2 surface with honeycomb lattice structure in the atomic scale with a lattice constant of 0.34 nm is evident in the STM investigations, whereas, STS measurements reveal local density of states (LDOS) of WS2 with a bandgap of approximately 1.34 eV. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations performed by considering bulk WS2 reveal conduction and valence band states comprised of S p and W d at both sides of the Fermi energy (EF) and an indirect bandgap of 1.38 eV. Experimental observations upon Sn adsorption, reveal commensurate growth of Sn atoms on the sulfur `S’ sites with a buckling height of 40 ±10 pm. STS measurements exhibit local electronic structure of the Sn adsorbed surface with clear evidence of in-gap states. DFT calculations quantify the experimental results demonstrating `S’ sites as the most stable sites for the atomic adsorption of Sn with a buckling height of around 80 pm and reveal signature of in-gap hybridized states comprised of Sn p and W d orbitals.

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A case study for the formation of stanene on a metal surface

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

2D Elemental Nanomaterials Beyond Graphene

In-situ STS studies and first principles calculations on bare and Sn adsorbed UHV exfoliated WS₂ layers

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A case study for the formation of stanene on a metal surface

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

Epitaxial growth of honeycomb-like stanene on Au(111)

2D Elemental Nanomaterials Beyond Graphene

In-situ STS studies and first principles calculations on bare and Sn adsorbed UHV exfoliated WS2 layers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In-situ STS studies and first principles calculations on bare and Sn adsorbed UHV exfoliated WS₂ layers