A Case Study

Smijs, Threes G. M.; Pavel, S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62747-6.00013-0

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…A growing awareness of the side effects associated with skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has led to increased use of sunscreen products. Sunscreens provide protection against UV radiation by forming a protective layer on the skin in which UV light is either absorbed by organic compounds (UV filters) or scattered and reflected by inorganic titanium oxide or zinc oxide, or a combination of both . The demand of high sun protection factors (SPF) sunscreen products is increasing in order to achieve high protection from UV radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Using Pumpkin and Kenaf Seed Oils with Potential Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties

Chu

Tan

Nyam

2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Both pumpkin and kenaf seed oil with carnauba wax (CW) and beeswax (BW) are used to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular for a UV protection formulation. The study aims to optimize the concentration and the type of seed oil in order to develop a stable NLC formulation with high entrapment efficiency, drug loading, antioxidant activities, and UV absorbing properties. The physical properties of the NLCs are analyzed based on the mean particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), long‐term storage stability, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). They are also compared for their entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro antioxidant activities, and in vitro UV absorbing properties. The optimized NLC consists of 10% lipid phase and 1% Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular, respectively. It has mean particle size of 238.20 ± 3.61 nm and remains physically stable on storage at both 25 ± 2 and 40 ± 2 °C. Spherical amorphous NLC structure with encapsulated UV filters is observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, it shows high entrapment efficiency (≥95%) for both Uvinul T150 and Uvinul A Plus Granular in addition to its antioxidant activities as indicated by both DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition, the formulation had high UV absorbing properties, showing its potential to be utilized in the formation of sunscreen prototype. Practical Application: The preliminary study on pumpkin and kenaf seed oil shows bioactive potential with high antioxidant activities. The finding of kenaf seed oil‐NLC can be applied in the cosmetic industry to produce a wide variety of environmental‐friendly products with improved stability and beneficial properties. Also, the application of technology by forming NLCs can be used to develop lotions, creams, etc., with multifunctional properties. Besides, NLCs as carriers for UV filters is proven in the present study to exhibit high entrapment efficiency and drug loading properties. This is beneficial in developing advanced cosmetic prototypes that possess broad spectrum effectiveness with fewer side effects. Nanostructure lipid carriers (NLCs) are applied to encapsulate UV filters with pumpkin and kenaf seed oils. Kenaf seed oil‐NLC (F7) is selected as the best formulation for UV filters encapsulation. With spherical amorphous NLC structure, it shows high entrapment efficiency for the UV filters and antioxidant activities. Results indicate that F7 with high UV absorbing properties remains physically stable upon 12 weeks of storage period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Using Pumpkin and Kenaf Seed Oils with Potential Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties

Chu

Tan

Nyam

2019

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The maximum exposure presented in Figure , 147 MJ/m 2 , is the approximate dose expected in space after 60 days of windward (ram) oriented LEO flight. The effectiveness of the coating to protect from UV is not unexpected since the transmittance of radiation through ZnO drops to near zero at wavelengths less than 380 nm and ZnO is a well‐known additive to commercial UV protective sunscreens and thermal control paints …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sunscreen agents are generally classified as either organic (also referred to as chemical) or inorganic (also referred to as physical). The inorganic agents TiO 2 and ZnO were examined because of their availability, common use, low reactivity, and stability in vacuum . Parker, the manufacture of the S0383‐70 elastomer compound, chose TiO 2 as the additive to the proprietary elastomer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiadhesion elastomer seal coatings for UV and atomic oxygen protection

Groh

Puleo

Waters

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Radiation blocking sunscreen coatings have been developed for the protection of elastomer seals used in low-Earth-orbit (LEO). The coatings protect the seals from ultraviolet (UV) radiation and atomic oxygen (AO) damage. The coatings were developed for use on NASA docking seals. Docking seal damage from the UV and AO present in LEO can constrain mission time-line, flight mode options, and increases risk. A low level of adhesion is also required for docking seals so undocking push-off forces can be low. The coatings presented also mitigate this unwanted adhesion. Greases with low collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) and low total mass loss (TML) were mixed with slippery and/or UV blocking powders to create the protective coatings. Coatings were applied at rates up to 2 mg/cm 2 . Coated seals were exposed to AO and UV in the NUV (near-UV) and UV-C wavelength ranges (300 to 400 nm and 254 nm, respectively). Ground based ashers were used to simulate the AO of space. The Sun's UV energy was mimicked assuming a nose forward flight mode, resulting in an exposure rate of 2.

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“…[8] Amongst these, sunscreen agentsh ave been explored immensely to protect the skin from UV radiation. [12][13][14][15][16][17] In addition to absorbing UV,t hese materials protect the skin by either reflecting or scattering the incident UV radiation. [6,9] Depending on the mode of action, sunscreensa re classified as either physicalb lockers or chemical absorbers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effective sunscreens should have important properties such as strong absorption in the appropriate UV region, good photostability,a nd negligible spectral modificationsu nder UV radiation,t hermallyd issipating the absorbed energy harmlessly. [13] On the other hand, al argen umber of organicm olecules such as aminobenzoates, anthranilates, benzophenones, benzylidene camphors, cinnamates,s alicylates and dibenzoylmethanes, and so on are evident as sun screening agents. [10,11] Inorganic semiconductor compounds such as ZnO, TiO 2 ,a nd so on have been widely used in cosmetic formulations, since their superior activity as ap hysicalb locker is well established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon Harvesting in Sunscreen‐Based Functional Nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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The ultraviolet light component in the solar spectrum is known to cause several harmful effects, such as allergy, skin ageing, and skin cancer. Thus, current research attention has been paid to the design and fundamental understanding of sunscreen-based materials. One of the most abundantly used sunscreen molecules is Avobenzone (AB), which exhibits two tautomers. Here, we highlight the preparation of spherically shaped nanoparticles from the sunscreen molecule AB as well as from sunscreen-molecule-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles in aqueous media and study their fundamental photophysical properties by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy. Steady-state studies confirm that the AB molecule is in the keto and enol forms in tetrahydrofuran, whereas the enol form is stable in the case of both AB nanoparticles and AB-encapsulated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles. Thus, the keto-enol transformation of AB molecules is restricted to a nanoenvironment. An enhancement of photostability in both the nanoparticle and PMMA-encapsulated forms under UV light irradiation is observed. The efficient excited energy transfer (60 %) from AB to porphyrin molecules opens up further prospects in potential applications as light-harvesting systems.

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A Case Study

Cited by 16 publications

References 153 publications

Development of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Using Pumpkin and Kenaf Seed Oils with Potential Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties

Development of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) Using Pumpkin and Kenaf Seed Oils with Potential Photoprotective and Antioxidative Properties

Antiadhesion elastomer seal coatings for UV and atomic oxygen protection

Photon Harvesting in Sunscreen‐Based Functional Nanoparticles

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