A case report of thyroid plasmacytoma and literature update

Refai, Fahd; Gomaa, Wafaey; Abdullah, Layla S.

doi:10.4103/jmau.jmau_36_19

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The thyroid is rarely the primary site [ 6 ]. There have been less than 31 documented cases of extramedullary plasmacytomas of the thyroid since 1994 [ 7 ]. There is one case report of cervical lymph node involvement [ 1 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifocal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Thyroid With Cervical and Paratracheal Lymph Node Involvement and Progression to Multiple Myeloma

Alexander,

Ernst,

Vogel

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Extramedullary plasmacytomas without evidence of systemic illness make up less than 5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. The incidence of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid region is exceedingly rare. This report discusses the case of a 72-year-old male with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the thyroid. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy for an enlarging right-sided thyroid nodule, and intraoperatively, the plasmacytoma was found to have an extracapsular component with adherence to the regional soft tissue as well as involvement of the right laryngeal nerve and regional lymph nodes. Despite a comprehensive negative workup for multiple myeloma initially, including a bone marrow biopsy and hematologic workup, the disease progressed to multiple myeloma following definitive radiation therapy, as evidenced by the development of hypermetabolic lytic lesions and further pathological examination. The patient’s treatment course included systemic chemotherapy and an autologous stem cell transplant, resulting in a favorable treatment response. The progression to multiple myeloma despite established guidelines highlights the need for close observation and the potential for innovative therapeutic strategies to manage this rare entity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifocal Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Thyroid With Cervical and Paratracheal Lymph Node Involvement and Progression to Multiple Myeloma

Alexander,

Ernst,

Vogel

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…MS diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion, particularly in the form composed only of blast cells without intermediate elements [8, 9], and the pathological report must be followed by a clinical diagnostic study aimed to exclude bone marrow involvement. A systematic search was performed in the English-language literature, identifying 43 articles published from 2000 to 2019 and reporting 53 cases (Table 1) of MS of the breast [8-52]. Forty-nine patients were females, 3 were males [27, 39], and in 1 case, data on patient’s sex were not available [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the first clinical presentation is as a painless palpable mass with high growth rate, rarely, as a cystic lesion [9] or as a swelling [13]. Breast involvement frequently occurs as a monolateral palpable mass mostly with monolateral involvement, in some cases as multiple nodules [8, 10, 12-14, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 27-29, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 42-44, 46, 47, 52]. Sometimes there is bilateral first presentation, also with multiple masses [9, 11, 15, 18, 21, 25, 30, 32, 36, 39, 45, 48, 50, 51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloid Sarcoma of the Breast as Blast Phase of JAK2-Mutated (Val617Phe Exon 14p) Essential Thrombocythemia: A Case Report and a Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Introduction: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a mass-forming proliferation of myeloid blasts. Frequently, it arises as blast phase of pre-existing myeloproliferative, myelodysplastic disorders or consequent to bone marrow transplant. Its molecular characterization has become an increasingly important requirement for the diagnostic definition of this solid leukemia. Case Presentation: Our case report concerns an MS arising in the breast of a woman with a previous diagnosis of JAK2-mutated essential thrombocythemia (Val617Phe exon 14p) mimicking, on histology, a lobular carcinoma of the breast. The immunohistochemical study of the neoplasm provided the key that solved the diagnostic doubt and the immunohistochemical evaluation of NPM protein expression, which turn out to be negative, provided a clear indication on the molecular status and prognosis of the disease. A year later, the neoplasm relapsed in the pelvic area. Discussion: This diagnostic challenge led us to review the literature of the past 10 years concerning MS of the breast. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first case of MS of the breast occurring in a patient with a history of essential thrombocythemia and recurred in the pelvic region.

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“…Breast MS is very rare and only accounts for approximately 8% of MS cases [ 1 , 10 ], with the majority of cases of breast MS diagnosed in adults [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. There have been three reported cases in adolescents with previously treated AML [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] and only one case of concurrent diagnosis of a breast MS at the time of AML diagnosis [ 25 ].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%