A case report of<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>infection in a pregnant migrant raises concerns about lack of screening policies

Mazzitelli, Maria; Matera, Giovanni; Votino, Carmela; Visconti, Federica; Strazzulla, Alessio; Loria, Maria Teresa; Peronace, Cinzia; Settembre, Pio; Giancotti, Aida; Liberto, Maria Carla; Focà, Alfredo; Zullo, Fulvio; Torti, Carlo

doi:10.1093/jtm/taw076

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Praziquantel was administered at the dosage of a single 60 mg/kg in all cases, except in a pregnant woman (ID patient 11), to whom we administered two doses of 30 mg/kg three hours apart from each other. In patients who were diagnosed with other intestinal parasites, we prescribed metronidazole, mebendazole or albendazole, as per clinical indication [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human Schistosoma Infection

et al. 2023

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The host response to helminth infections is characterized by systemic and tissue-related immune responses that play a crucial role in pathological diseases. Recently, experimental studies have highlighted the role of regulatory T (Tregs) and B (Bregs) cells with secreted cytokines as important markers in anti-schistosomiasis immunity. We investigated the serical levels of five cytokines (TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-35) in pre- and post-treatment samples from chronic Schistosoma infected patients to identify potential serological markers during follow-up therapy. Interestingly, we highlighted an increased serum level of IL-35 in the pre-therapy samples (median 439 pg/mL for Schistosoma haematobium and 100.5 pg/mL for Schistsoma mansoni infected patients) compared to a control group (median 62 pg/mL and 58 pg/mL, respectively, p ≤ 0.05), and a significantly lower concentration in post-therapy samples (181 pg/mL for S. haematobium and 49.5 pg/mL for S. mansoni infected patients, p ≤ 0.05). The present study suggests the possible role of IL-35 as a novel serological biomarker in the evaluation of Schistosoma therapy follow-up.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human Schistosoma Infection

et al. 2023

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“…[1][2][3][4] Severe morbidity and mortality in endemic areas arise due to chronic repeated exposure over years, but can be prevented with several transmission control measures and with early screening and treatment. [5][6][7][8][9] remain within the host, where they incite tissue inflammation with resulting fibrosis or metaplasia. 2 Hence, the importance of transmission control measures including early and repeated treatment in areas of ongoing Schistosoma transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 – 4 Severe morbidity and mortality in endemic areas arise due to chronic repeated exposure over years, but can be prevented with several transmission control measures and with early screening and treatment. 5 – 9 The principal species affecting humans are Schistosoma mansoni , S. japonicum , S. mekongi , S. haematobium , and S. intercalatum , which lead to intestinal or hepatic schistosomiasis, causing portal hypertension and hepatic failure, and urogenital disease, causing a range of complications, including infertility and bladder carcinoma, respectively. 10 , 11 Chronic sequelae of schistosomiasis are due to the ability of Schistosoma eggs to remain within the host, where they incite tissue inflammation with resulting fibrosis or metaplasia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance characteristics of diagnostic assays for schistosomiasis in Ontario, Canada

Lau,

Makhani,

Omoruna

et al. 2023

Therapeutic Advances in Infection

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Introduction: Due to lower intensity of infection and greater intervals from last exposure, parasitologic detection methods for schistosomiasis are poorly sensitive in non-endemic areas, challenging accurate diagnosis. Methods: We evaluated parasitologic versus indirect detection methods for schistosomiasis. We included specimens submitted for Schistosoma serology, and stool for ova and parasite microscopy. Three real-time PCR assays targeting Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium were performed. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), where both microscopy and serology were the composite reference standard against serum PCR. Results: Of 8168 serum specimens submitted for Schistosoma serology, 638 (7.8%) were reactive and 6705 (82.1%) were non-reactive. Of 156,771 stool specimens submitted for ova and parasite testing, 46 (0.03%) were positive for eggs of S. mansoni. Four (0.5%) urine specimens were positive for eggs of S. haematobium. Combined serum PCRs targeting S. mansoni had a sensitivity and specificity of 27.8% (95% CI = 18.3–39.1%) and 100% (95% CI = 83.9–100%), respectively, with PPV of 100% (95% CI = 100%) and NPV of 26.9% (95% CI = 24.3–29.7%). The one serum sample positive for S. haematobium was also detectable by our S. haematobium PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed for all three PCR assays. Conclusions: Although serology is highly sensitive, parasitologic tests signify active infection, but are limited by low population-level sensitivity, particularly in non-endemic settings. Although serum PCR offered no performance advantage over stool microscopy, its role in diagnostic parasitology should be pursued due to its high-throughput and operator-independent nature.

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Migration Health: Highlights from Inaugural International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) Conference on Migration Health

Heywood

Castelli

Greenaway

2019

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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A case report ofSchistosoma haematobiuminfection in a pregnant migrant raises concerns about lack of screening policies

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human Schistosoma Infection

Evaluation of IL-35, as a Possible Biomarker for Follow-Up after Therapy, in Chronic Human Schistosoma Infection

Performance characteristics of diagnostic assays for schistosomiasis in Ontario, Canada

Migration Health: Highlights from Inaugural International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) Conference on Migration Health

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