A Case of Unusual Suicidal Poisoning by the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Jovanović, Dušan; Randjelović, S; D, Joksović

doi:10.1177/096032719000900111

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, it is likely that the increased activity of AChE in the periphery contributes to the survival of soman-intoxicated animals. Furthermore, HI-6 has been used clinically as an antidotal oxime therapy to OP insecticide poisoning in Yugoslavia with some success (Jovanovic et al 1990;Kusic et al 1991). Thus, HI-6 is a very attractive oxime to replace 2-PAM as an antidote for poisoning by the nerve agent soman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When used in combination with atropine sulfate, HI-6 has been shown to protect against multiple LDs0s of soman in a number of species including mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs and non-human primates (Clement 1981;Inns and Leadbeater 1983;Boskovic et al 1984;Shih et al 1986Shih et al , 1991Hamilton and Lundy 1989;van Helden et al 1992). Most recently HI-6 has been used with some success in Yugoslavia to replace 2-PAM in human intoxication by commercial preparations of OP insecticides (Jovanovic et al 1990; Kusic et al 1991). Current neurochemical findings strongly suggest that reactivation by HI-6 of soman-inhibited ChE contributes to the survival of intoxicated animals (Shih et al 1991;van Helden et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of several oximes on reactivation of soman-inhibited blood, brain and tissue cholinesterase activity in rats

Shih¹

1993

Arch Toxicol

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The ability of three oximes, HI-6, MMB-4 and ICD-467, to reactivate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibited by the organophosphorus compound soman was compared in blood (plasma and erythrocytes), brain regions (including spinal cord) and peripheral tissues of rats. Animals were intoxicated with soman (100 micrograms/kg, SC; equivalent to 0.9 x LD50 dose) and treated 1 min later with one of these oximes (100 or 200 mumol/kg, IM). Toxic sign scores and total tissue ChE activities were determined 30 min later. Soman markedly inhibited ChE activity in blood (93-96%), brain regions (ranging from 78% to 95%), and all peripheral tissues (ranging from 48.9% to 99.8%) except liver (11.9%). In blood, treatment with HI-6 or ICD-467 resulted in significant reactivation of soman-inhibited ChE. In contrast, MMB-4 was completely ineffective. HI-6 and ICD-467 were equally effective at the high dose. At the low dose ICD-467 treatment resulted in significantly higher plasma ChE than HI-6 treatment, whereas HI-6 treatment resulted in higher erythrocyte ChE than ICD-467 treatment. However, none of these three oximes reactivated or protected soman-inhibited ChE in the brain. In all peripheral tissues (except liver) studied, MMB-4 was not effective. HI-6 reactivated soman-inhibited ChE in all tissues except lung, heart, and skeletal muscle. ICD-467 was highly effective in reactivating ChE in all tissues and afforded a complete recovery of ChE to control levels in intercostal muscle and salivary gland. Oxime treatments did not modify the toxic scores produced by soman. However, treatment with the high dose (200 mumol/kg) of ICD-467 depressed respiration and two of the six rats died in 10 min. These observations indicate that MMB-4 is completely ineffective in protecting and/or reactivating soman-inhibited ChE, HI-6 is an effective ChE reactivator as reported earlier in rats and other species, and the imidazolium oxime ICD-467 is a powerful reactivator of soman-inhibited ChE; however, its toxic interactions with soman may not be related to tissue ChE levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of several oximes on reactivation of soman-inhibited blood, brain and tissue cholinesterase activity in rats

Shih¹

1993

Arch Toxicol

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“…Lethality of suicidal organophosphorus poisoning has been evaluated in so many studies worldwide [8][9][10][11]. There are some reports of suicidal organophosphorus poisonings [12][13][14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Solid Phase Extraction of Organophosphorus Pesticides; Report of Two Cases of Suicides

Hosseini¹,

Abbasinia²,

Malekpour³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci.

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Suicide is considered as the tenth cause of the death worldwide. Among different pesticides, organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are the most widely used, but they are highly toxic, so there are increasing suicide reports about use of them. Considering the low rate of organophosphorus pesticides in the suicide reports, these two cases helped us to improve our customary methods of extraction. In this study, two cases of suicide related to a 25-yearold girl and 36-year-old man who have taken high doses of Diazinon. Both cases were dead on arrival to the hospital so no medical cases were done for them and they were brought to the Fars Legal Medicine Organization. They were suspected of using some toxins or drugs. Diazinon and Dithion were extracted using modified solid phase extraction method in the gastric content of both cases by GC-MS analysis. Modified solid phase extraction method is so helpful for toxicological analysis and detection of cause of the death in suicide, homicide or accidental died cases of organophosphorus poisoning referred to legal medicine organization.

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“…Lethalities associated with OPs in the past contained a large number of suicides; for example, in the 1950s, parathioncontaining formulations became popular for this purpose in several countries (Choi et al, 1995;Hayes et al, 1978;Jovanovic et al, 1990), including Finland, until their availability was strictly restricted (Alha, 1967;Minton and Murray, 1988;Marrs, 1996). However, the most toxic OP compounds are the anticholinesterase OP nerve agents, which were created by defence industries of many countries.…”

Section: History and Background 1015mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Toxic Actions of Organophosphates

Savolainen

2001

Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology

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A Case of Unusual Suicidal Poisoning by the Organophosphorus Insecticide Dimethoate

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of several oximes on reactivation of soman-inhibited blood, brain and tissue cholinesterase activity in rats

Comparison of several oximes on reactivation of soman-inhibited blood, brain and tissue cholinesterase activity in rats

Modified Solid Phase Extraction of Organophosphorus Pesticides; Report of Two Cases of Suicides

Understanding the Toxic Actions of Organophosphates

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