A Case of Tracheal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in a Worker Exposed to Rubber Fumes

Abstract

BackgroundPrimary tracheal tumors occur infrequently, accounting for less than 0.1% of all tumors. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common type of malignancy of the trachea after squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Little has been reported on the risk factors for tracheal ACC. The purpose of this study is to describe a case of tracheal ACC in a patient who had been exposed to rubber fumes, and to review the relationship between tracheal ACC and rubber fumes.Case reportA 48-year-old man who had been experiencing aggravation of dyspnea for several months was diagnosed as having ACC of the trachea on the basis of a pathologic examination of a biopsy specimen obtained via laser microscopy-guided resection. The patient had been exposed to rubber fumes for 10 years at a tire manufacturing factory where he worked until ACC was diagnosed. His job involved preheating and changing rubber molds during the curing process.ConclusionACC of both the trachea and the salivary glands show very similar patterns with regard to histopathology and epidemiology and are therefore assumed to have a common etiology. Rubber manufacturing is an occupational risk factor for the development of salivary gland tumors. Further, rubber fumes have been reported to be mutagenic. The exposure level to rubber fumes during the curing process at the patient’s workplace was estimated to be close to or higher than British Occupational Exposure Limits. Therefore, tracheal ACC in this case might have been influenced by occupational exposure to rubber fumes.

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Trachea: Two Case Report

“…1,8 ACC's have been reported without sex predilection in patients in the fifth decade of life; our patients are 49 and 50 years old; and smoking does not affect the incidence of ACC. 3,4 Patients with ACC usually present with symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and dyspnoea and are often treated for asthma for months to years before being correctly diagnosed1, as in our second patient. ACC is none capsulated tumour, it spreads most commonly by direct extension, submucosal or perineural invasion, in transverse and longitudinal planes.…”

“…ACC is none capsulated tumour, it spreads most commonly by direct extension, submucosal or perineural invasion, in transverse and longitudinal planes. 4,5 Lymphatic spread is uncommon. More than 50 % of patients with tracheal ACC have haematogenous metastases.…”

“…This incident may be related to part of the hard palate and paranasal sinuses, because this areas in frequently produce lymph node metastasis. 4,5 The tumours may be histologically classified into tubular, cribriform, and solid subtypes. The tumours are usually low grade but may occasionally undergo high-grade transformation.…”

Polyomavirus JCPyV infrequently detectable in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the oral cavity and the airways

“…The etiological risk factors for all salivary gland malignancies include exposure to nickel compounds and silica dust, employment at rubber manufacturing, hairdressers´, and beauty shops, as well as irradiation, EBV, and HIV infection [10, 28, 29]. At molecular level, germline BRCA mutations and genetic variants in DNA double-strand brake repair genes have been related to the risk for salivary gland cancers including ACC [3].…”

Candida Infection Associated with Salivary Gland—A Narrative Review

“…An in vivo study reported the carcinogenic susceptibility of salivary glands to nitrosamine [ 68 ]. It has also been reported that the workers exposed to nitrosamine have a higher mortality rate from salivary gland carcinoma [ 69 ].…”