A Case of Tick-transmitted Lymphadenopathy in Bulgaria Associated with Rickettsia slovaca

Komitova, Р.; Lakos, András; Aleksandrov, Andrei A.; Christova, Iva; Murdjeva, Marianna

doi:10.1080/0036554021000027016

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…During the study period, R. slovaca infection was shown to represent 19% of the European tick-transmitted rickettsioses documented in the Unité des Rickettsies in Marseille. Cases have also recently been reported in Bulgaria (163) and Spain (226). Finally, the isolation of R. slovaca from a patient has been recently reported, providing definitive evidence that R. slovaca is a human pathogen (65).…”

Section: Vol 18 2005mentioning

confidence: 86%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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SUMMARY During most of the 20th century, the epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses could be summarized as the occurrence of a single pathogenic rickettsia on each continent. An element of this paradigm suggested that the many other characterized and noncharacterized rickettsiae isolated from ticks were not pathogenic to humans. In this context, it was considered that relatively few tick-borne rickettsiae caused human disease. This concept was modified extensively from 1984 through 2005 by the identification of at least 11 additional rickettsial species or subspecies that cause tick-borne rickettsioses around the world. Of these agents, seven were initially isolated from ticks, often years or decades before a definitive association with human disease was established. We present here the tick-borne rickettsioses described through 2005 and focus on the epidemiological circumstances that have played a role in the emergence of the newly recognized diseases.

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Section: Vol 18 2005mentioning

confidence: 86%

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

2005

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“…135 Notably, a third of patients develop persistent alopecia where the eschar was present. 135 DEBONEL/TIBOLA/ SENLAT is currently the second most prevalent tick-borne rickettsiosis in Europe after that caused by R. conorii, 50 with human cases reported in France, Spain, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Italy, Germany, and Portugal, 50,[136][137][138][139] where it tends to affect mainly women and children. 132,135 A case of this syndrome caused by R. massiliae reported in Italy has recently been published.…”

Section: Associated With Regional Lymphadenopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice

Faccini-Martínez

García‐Álvarez

Hidalgo

et al. 2014

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Rickettsioses share common clinical manifestations, such as fever, malaise, exanthema, the presence or absence of an inoculation eschar, and lymphadenopathy. Some of these manifestations can be suggestive of certain species of Rickettsia infection. Nevertheless none of these manifestations are pathognomonic, and direct diagnostic methods to confirm the involved species are always required. A syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms that characterizes a disease with many etiologies or causes. This situation is applicable to rickettsioses, where different species can cause similar clinical presentations. We propose a syndromic classification for these diseases: exanthematic rickettsiosis syndrome with a low probability of inoculation eschar and rickettsiosis syndrome with a probability of inoculation eschar and their variants. In doing so, we take into account the clinical manifestations, the geographic origin, and the possible vector involved, in order to provide a guide for physicians of the most probable etiological agent.

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“…Between 1984 and 2004, nine more species or subspecies of tick-borne spotted fever rickettsiae were identified as emerging pathogens throughout the world, including, R. japonica in Japan [6,46,65,71,72,[82][83][84]146]; "R. conorii caspia" in Astrakhan [35,38,39,143], Africa [47] and Kosovo [48]; R. africae in sub-Saharan Africa and the West Indies [62,63]; R. honei in the Flinders Island, offshore of Australia [9,57,140,141], the Island of Tasmania, Australia [153], Thailand [73], and possibly in the USA [13]; R. slovaca in Europe [29,74,101,122]; "R. sibirica mongolotimonae" in China [157], Europe [44,118] and Africa [106,113]; R. heilongjiangensis in China [42,49]; R. aeschlimannii in Africa [11,112,121] and Europe [43]; and finally R. parkeri in the USA [104]. R. helvetica is also suspected to be a human pathogen in Europe [45] and Asia [46,61,107], but this needs c...…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses

2005

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- Between 1984 and2004, nine more species or subspecies of spotted fever rickettsiae were identified as emerging agents of tick-borne rickettsioses throughout the world. Six of these species had first been isolated from ticks and later found to be pathogenic to humans. The most recent example is Rickettsia parkeri, recognized as a human pathogen more than 60 years after its initial isolation from ticks. A new spotted fever rickettsia, R. felis was also found to be associated with fleas and to be a human pathogen. Similarly, bacteria within the family Anaplasmataceae have been considered to be of veterinary importance only, yet three species have been implicated in human diseases in recent years, including Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human anaplasmosis (formerly known as "human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent", E. equi and E. phagocytophila), and finally Ehrlichia ewingii, which causes granulocytic ehrlichiosis in humans. We present here an overview of the various tick-and flea-borne rickettsial zoonoses described in the last 20 years, focusing on the ecological, epidemiological and clinical aspects.

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A Case of Tick-transmitted Lymphadenopathy in Bulgaria Associated with Rickettsia slovaca

Cited by 25 publications

References 3 publications

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: Emerging Diseases Challenging Old Concepts

Syndromic classification of rickettsioses: an approach for clinical practice

Tick- and flea-borne rickettsial emerging zoonoses

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