A Case of the Scalenus Anterior Muscle Lying Behind the Fifth Cervical Nerve Root

Mh, Tsugane; Murakami, Gen; Yasuda, Mineo

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.75.2-3_111

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Growth of the brachial nerve plexus with reference to topographical relation of the medianus nerve ansa with the thoracic wall and shoulder: a histologic study using human embryos and fetuses

Cho,

Kim,

Yamamoto

et al. 2024

Surg Radiol Anat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThere is currently no information on positional changes in the brachial nerve plexus during prenatal growth. The subclavian-axillary artery passing through the medianus nerve ansa is considered a good landmark for evaluating the height of the plexus. Materials and MethodsWe used histological sections from 9 embryos and 17 fetuses (approximately 6-15 weeks of gestational age) to identify the height of the ansa by referring to the level of the rib and the glenohumeral joint. ResultsThe nerve ansa was usually (23 plexuses) observed at the level of the rst and/or second ribs. However, it was sometimes observed above the rst rib, at a distance equal to or more than an intercostal width (7 plexuses). In the latter group, the ansa was usually located below the glenohumeral joint. Thus, the joint was located higher than the rst rib, although the upper extremities were in the anatomical position for all specimens. The left-right difference in the height of the plexus corresponded to or was less than the width of the rst intercostal space. Despite the synchronized growth between the thorax and shoulder girdle, the brachial plexus showed a considerable variation in comparative height; the range corresponded to twice of an intercostal width. Whether the nerve plexus is located high or low is determined at an early developmental stage and is maintained during the later growth stages. ConclusionsThe high-positioned plexus might cause nerve injury at delivery, followed by a glenohumeral joint deformity because of the fragility without xation in the thorax.

show abstract

Growth of the brachial nerve plexus with reference to topographical relation of the medianus nerve ansa with the thoracic wall and shoulder: a histologic study using human embryos and fetuses

Cho,

Kim,

Yamamoto

et al. 2024

Surg Radiol Anat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Spatial relationships between the morphologies and innervations of the scalene and anterior vertebral muscles

Sakamoto

2012

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scalenus muscles in macaque monkeys

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The attachment and innervation of the scalenus muscles in both sides of two Japanese monkeys and a rhesus monkey were observed to discuss their morphological significance while comparing their findings in humans. The scalenus ventralis muscle in macaques had almost the same attachments as the scalenus anterior muscle in humans and was innervated by the cervical nerve branches, which were lower in spinal segment than in humans and had a close relationship with the branches to the intertransversus ventralis muscles. Furthermore, the scalenus ventralis muscle was penetrated by the phrenic nerve in all cases observed. The posterior part of the scalenus muscle in macaques (the scalenus dorsalis muscle) was divided into short (the scalenus dorsalis brevis) and long (the scalenus dorsalis longus) parts according to their attachments. The former was attached to the transverse processes of the lowest two cervical vertebrae and the first rib, whereas the latter was attached to the 3rd-5th ribs. It is notable that the scalenus dorsalis muscles in macaques were innervated by branches from the long thoracic nerve in addition to direct branches from the cervical nerve roots. In addition, the scalenus dorsalis longus was supplied by twigs from the lateral cutaneous branches of the 2nd and 3rd intercostal nerves. This indicates that the scalenus dorsalis muscles contain a muscular component derived from the upper limb girdle musculature, unlike the human scalenus muscles, which have been considered to belong to the cervical trunk muscles.

show abstract

A Case of the Scalenus Anterior Muscle Lying Behind the Fifth Cervical Nerve Root

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Growth of the brachial nerve plexus with reference to topographical relation of the medianus nerve ansa with the thoracic wall and shoulder: a histologic study using human embryos and fetuses

Growth of the brachial nerve plexus with reference to topographical relation of the medianus nerve ansa with the thoracic wall and shoulder: a histologic study using human embryos and fetuses

Spatial relationships between the morphologies and innervations of the scalene and anterior vertebral muscles

Scalenus muscles in macaque monkeys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About