A Case of Ruptured Perineal Epidermal Cyst

Gupta, Rahul; Verma, Piyush; Bansal, Nalini; Semwal, Tushar

doi:10.7759/cureus.11099

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They are commonly distributed all over the body but uncommonly reported in the perineum [ 1 ]. Risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet rays, human papilloma virus infection, smoking and trauma [ 4 ]. Specific risk factors for perineal epidermoid cyst include mechanical pressure, perineal surgery, needle biopsies and minor trauma on the perineal area [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of cyst is usually seen in the chronic sun-exposed areas of the skin including the face, neck or trunk with perineal and extremity locations being rare [ 1 , 4 ]. The prevalence is twice as common in males compared with females and can be diagnosed at any age but more commonly seen in the third and fourth decades of life [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giant perineal epidermoid cyst in adult man: a rare case report and review of literature

Kimolo

Mbwambo

Seif

et al. 2023

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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An epidermoid cyst is a common benign cutaneous mass that mostly occurs on the neck, face and trunk. The majority of epidermoid cysts are small and asymptomatic with the giant perineal epidermal cyst being rare and more liable to develop complications such as malignant transformation. The treatment of an epidermal cyst involves total excision of the cyst along with its wall to prevent recurrence. We present an unusual case of a giant perineal epidermal cyst in a 52-year-old male.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant perineal epidermoid cyst in adult man: a rare case report and review of literature

Kimolo

Mbwambo

Seif

et al. 2023

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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“…Moreover, they are caused by progressive cystic expansion and destruction of the funnels of hair follicles. For example, for some patients who undergo surgery other diseases, postoperative epidermoid cysts are formed in the surgical area due to the implantation of epidermal fragments into the dermis by penetrating injuries ( 12 , 13 ). (II) Some studies suggest that HPV(human papillomavirus) infection may be associated with the paroxysm of epidermal cysts, especially HPV types 57 and 60 ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, malignant transformations of giant epidermoid cysts of the abdominal wall are rare. A number of experts believe that some patients with epidermoid cysts have sustained irritation to the tissue at the cyst wall incision due to the epidermoid cyst contents postoperatively, resulting in chronic inflammatory responses that dephosphorylate the thin layer of the squamous epithelium, eventually leading to a malignant transformation of the epidermoid cyst and a formation of squamous carcinoma ( 12 , 23 ). In this case, the patient had previously undergone (incision) drainage of the epidermoid cyst in the abdominal wall, after which the cystic contents irritated the cystic wall at the incision for a prolonged period, which could be have caused the malignant transformation of the epidermoid cystic wall.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal giant epidermoid cyst with squamous epithelial heterogeneous proliferation carcinoma in part of the cyst wall: a case report

Wang

Tian

et al. 2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background Epidermoid cysts, which are rarely malignant, are common skin cysts. A giant epidermoid cyst is an epidermoid cyst with a diameter of >5 cm. Case Description The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, surgery, and postoperative pathological tissue of a 69-year-old man who presented with a giant epidermoid cyst in the abdomen with heterogeneous hyperplasia of squamous epithelium in part of the cyst wall. The only symptom experienced by the patient was local tenderness. The mass was hard and fixed, and its boundary was clear. By performing ultrasound-guided puncture biopsy, the cytopathological results of the abdominal goitre puncture fluid showed that there were heterogeneous proliferating squamous epithelial cells on the right side. The immunohistochemical examination results of the puncture tissue biopsy on the right side showed a squamous cell carcinoma. On 2020-3-23, a tension-free repair of the right abdominal wall goitre was performed under general anaesthesia. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day. The postoperative pathological examination indicated the following: (I) calcified highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was observed in part of the cystic wall; (II) the medial fibrous tissue of the striated muscle was covered with well-differentiated squamous epithelium; (III) part of the cyst wall was broken with histiocytosis and foreign body giant cell reaction, with visible scattered keratosis; and (IV) some areas of squamous epithelium were heterogeneously proliferating carcinoma, exhibiting well-differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions As surgeons, it is crucial to remain vigilant and have a low threshold resection as well as thorough histological examination of specimens for early diagnosis and intervention, which can significantly improve patient outcomes.

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“…Epidermal cyst is a common skin disease that can be complicated by infection, rupture, calcification and malignancy. 16,17 Shah et al showed that in 20 cases of scrotal calcinosis, the etiology was traced to epidermoid cysts in 14 cases. 17 Chronic and repeated irritation, infection, ultraviolet radiation, and immunosuppression may become the triggers of epidermoid cyst malignancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidermal Cyst on the Scalp Induced by Forceps Injury During Delivery: A Case Report and Epidemiological Analysis of 3949 Patients

Liu¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

CCID

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Background: Epidermal cysts are common benign epithelial tumors. They are known to result from penetrating-type injuries or infection of human papillomavirus. The differential diagnosis commonly includes multiplex steatocystoma, lipoma, and neurofibroma. Pathological examination is essential for diagnosis, and surgical excision is the recommended treatment. Objective: We report a case in a man who presented with a cystic lesion on the scalp over 22 years to provide clinical evidence for mechanism of epidermal cysts. We conducted epidemiological analysis of 3949 patients with epidermal cysts to clarify the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of epidermal cysts. Patients and Methods: A total of 3949 individuals with confirmed epidermal cysts were collected for analysis. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using Student's t-test. Results: Our data showed that the mean age of diagnosis of males was statistically earlier than that of females (P<0.001), but no significant difference in sex predilection was observed (P=0.55). The high incidence age of males and females was in the young and middle stage. Lesion locations were a bit different among age groups, but the face was the most common site of epidermal cyst at all age stages. Conclusion: Our case offers clinical evidence to the theory which refers trauma as one of the main causes of epidermal cysts in hairbearing area. According to analysis of large number of samples, we can further support the idea that epidermal cyst has equal sex predilection and mainly occurs on the young and middle-aged adults. It is usually solitary and most likely to be found on face and trunk.

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A Case of Ruptured Perineal Epidermal Cyst

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Giant perineal epidermoid cyst in adult man: a rare case report and review of literature

Giant perineal epidermoid cyst in adult man: a rare case report and review of literature

Abdominal giant epidermoid cyst with squamous epithelial heterogeneous proliferation carcinoma in part of the cyst wall: a case report

Epidermal Cyst on the Scalp Induced by Forceps Injury During Delivery: A Case Report and Epidemiological Analysis of 3949 Patients

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