A case of pyothorax-associated lymphoma simulating empyema necessitatis

Kim, Yookyung; Lee, Sun Wha; Choi, Hae Young; Im, Seock Ah; Won, Taehee; Han, Woon Sup

doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00543-0

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The border between the mass and uterus, which is enlarged with adenomyosis, is ill-defi ned Male predominance has been reported, and artifi cial pneumothorax is known to be a strong risk factor for the development of PAL. 43 Owing to the high prevalence of tuberculosis and treatment with artifi cial pneumothorax in the past, most of the PAL cases have been reported in Japan. Patients present with pain in the chest, back, or shoulder; respiratory symptoms such as productive cough and dyspnea; and a chest wall mass.…”

Section: Lymphomatoid Granulomatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases: a pictorial review

et al. 2009

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) prevails among more than 90% of the adult population worldwide. Most primary infections occur during young childhood and cause no or only nonspecific symptoms; then the virus becomes latent and resides in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Inactive latent EBV usually causes no serious consequences, but once it becomes active it can cause a wide spectrum of malignancies: epithelial tumors such as nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas; mesenchymal tumors such as follicular dendritic cell tumor/sarcoma; and lymphoid malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, pyothorax-associated lymphoma, immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, extranodal natural killer (NK) cell/T-cell lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma. The purpose of this article is to describe the spectrum of EBV-related diseases and their key imaging findings. EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders and lymphomas are especially common in immunocompromised patients. Awareness of their clinical settings and imaging spectrum contributes to early detection and early treatment of possibly life-threatening disorders.

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Section: Lymphomatoid Granulomatosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases: a pictorial review

et al. 2009

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“…Non-infectious etiologies should also be considered and include lymphomas, primary pulmonary neoplasms such as bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma and sarcomas. 29,30 Tissue biopsy can usually exclude these etiologies even if a definitive diagnosis of TB cannot be made.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculous Empyema Presenting as a Persistent Chest Wall Mass: Case Report

Madeo¹,

Patel²,

Gebre³

et al. 2013

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Empyema necessitatis is an empyema that spreads outside of the pleural space involving the chest wall. Tuberculosis is the most common cause. It occurs in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Due to the long latency period and the paucity of symptoms, diagnosis can be challenging. Clinicians must have a high awareness of this disease, especially in patients from endemic regions. The disease is treatable with surgical and medical interventions. Failure to diagnose can lead to grave consequences for both the individual patient and public health. This is particularly true in endemic regions where controlling the spread of TB is challenging. We report a rare presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis in an otherwise healthy 72-year-old USA immigrant from Thailand. He presented with a painless, chronic chest wall swelling with minimal systemic symptoms. Imaging revealed empyema necessitatis. Histopathology could not give a definitive diagnosis because the tissue was too necrotic. Despite negative acid-fast staining, sputum cultures were positive for tuberculosis. The case presentation is followed by a brief review of the current relevant literature. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion and increased awareness for this silent but serious infection.

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“…Although they are rare, Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and infective endocarditis must be kept in mind. 5 Empyema necessitatis can be very destructive. It may lead to erosion of bones and surrounding soft tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%