A Case of Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP) in Childhood

Abbasion, Reza; Jafarpisheh, Amir; Dehghanian, Paria; Mottaghi, Mahdi

doi:10.1155/2020/8865741

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Urinary bladder hemangioma is a rare cause of gross hematuria in children. It often presents as isolated hematuria with eventual episodes of gross hematuria [ 30 ]. Multimodal imaging using ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables establishing the location and extent of the hemangioma while in unclear cases, cystoscopy may indicate a source of bleeding [ 31 ].…”

Section: Diagnostic Procedures In the Investigation Of Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While gross hematuria and abdominal pain are the presenting signs of symptomatic nephrolithiasis, asymptomatic patients may show up with incidentally discovered microscopic hematuria. Radiological diagnosis is based on ultrasound, while low-dose CT is only exceptionally used in children [ 30 ]. Metabolic factors such as calcium and citrate excretion, fluid intake as well as specific genetic diseases should be assessed in a systematic search for etiology [ 30 , 55 ].…”

Section: Selected Causes Of Postglomerular Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiological diagnosis is based on ultrasound, while low-dose CT is only exceptionally used in children [ 30 ]. Metabolic factors such as calcium and citrate excretion, fluid intake as well as specific genetic diseases should be assessed in a systematic search for etiology [ 30 , 55 ].…”

Section: Selected Causes Of Postglomerular Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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How to define and assess the clinically significant causes of hematuria in childhood

2022

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Given the wide diversity of causes of hematuria, ranging from simple urinary tract infections with rapid recovery to severe glomerulonephritis with fast decline in kidney function, it is essential to recognize the underlying disease. The first objective of the assessment is to determine whether the cause of the hematuria is medically significant. The combination of hematuria with proteinuria, the presence of hypertension, or worsening kidney function can represent signs of progressive kidney disease. Differentiating the various causes of hematuria is often simple and obvious based on the clinical signs and gross appearance of the urine. However, in some instances, additional non-invasive investigations, such as ultrasound imaging, urinary red cell morphology, measurement of calcium and other solutes in the urine, evaluation of kidney function, and protein excretion, are needed to elucidate the nature of the hematuria. Taking a detailed family history can help in establishing the underlying cause in cases of familial hematuria. On the other hand, the decision to perform a kidney biopsy in children with asymptomatic hematuria remains a challenging issue for clinicians. Ultimately, the frequency of diagnosis of glomerular involvement causing hematuria may depend on the threshold for performing a kidney biopsy. The following review will focus on the diagnostics of hematuria, starting with difficulties regarding its definition, followed by various means to differentiate between urinary, glomerular, and other causes, and finally reviewing the most common diseases that, due to their frequency or their effect on kidney function, present a diagnostic challenge in everyday practice.

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Section: Diagnostic Procedures In the Investigation Of Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%