A case of otogenic tetanus

Adeel, Mohammad; Rajput, Shaheryar A; Awan, M. S.; Arain, Asif Ali

doi:10.1136/bcr.03.2012.5976

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Since the introduction of the vaccination program in 1961, there has been a significant decline in the number of cases in the western world [12]. Because of the increased coverage of immunization, the incidence has also decreased significantly from the developing world, but isolated cases have been reported from developing countries, including India [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Clostridium tetani in human clinical samples using tetX specific primers targeting the neurotoxin

Ganesh

Sheikh

Shah

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Tetanus resulting from ear injury remains an important health problem, particularly in the developing world. We report the successful detection of Clostridium tetani using tetX specific primers targeting the Cl. tetani neurotoxin. The sample was obtained from an ear discharge of a case of otogenic tetanus in a 2-year-old male child. Based on the culture results of the ear discharge, Gram staining and virulence testing by genotyping, a diagnosis of tetanus was confirmed. This is the first report from India on the successful detection of Cl. tetani in a human clinical sample using tetX specific primers targeting the Cl. tetani neurotoxin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite a widespread immunization program, a large number of cases have been reported from the developing world [2][3][4][5]. The most common cause of otogenic tetanus is trauma followed by contamination of the wound [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Clostridium tetani in human clinical samples using tetX specific primers targeting the neurotoxin

Ganesh

Sheikh

Shah

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…In chronic otorrhea, fingering and inserting contaminated objects into ears are postulated mechanisms of spreading Clostridium tetani to the affected individuals. 5,6,7,12 Poor tetanus vaccination / immunization of population during childhood render these children vulnerable to develop tetanus following piercing, instrumentation and chronic ear infection. This destitute state of tetanus vaccination/immunization is attributed to lack of awareness, illiteracy, decreased uptake by people, false beliefs, religious refusals, fears of injections/syringes, side effects, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetanus; a dreadful complication of ear piercing, ear instrumentation and chronic otorrhea in children of Southern Punjab Pakistan.

Akram¹,

Khan²,

Qaisar

et al. 2023

TPMJ

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Objective: Tetanus remains a major public health problem in the developing countries despite the availability of active immunization and passive immunization since long. Non-sterile ear piercing and instrumentation pose a constant threat of developing tetanus associated with morbidity and mortality. Study Design: Retrospective Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric, Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur. Period: June 2019 to June 2022. Material & Methods: The data of children admitted with tetanus following ear piercing, ear cleaning/instrumentation and chronic ear discharge was collected. The data included their age, gender, history of ear piercing, instrumentation and chronic ear discharge (otorrhea), duration between piercing/instrumentation and development of signs & symptoms of tetanus, history of tetanus vaccination (during routine childhood EPI vaccination), history of tetanus toxoid administration after the causative event, residence, socioeconomic status, education status of parents and outcome of cases. Results: Total 17 cases of otogenic tetanus (tetanus following ear piercing, ear instrumentation and with chronic otorrhea) were admitted in pediatric department of the hospital during study period. Age range was between 03 to 13 years with mean age 7.71+2.80 years. Of these cases, there were 12 females (70.6%) and 5 males (29.4%). Nine cases developed tetanus after ear piercing, five cases developed tetanus following ear instrumentation and three cases had history of chronic ear discharge. Conclusion: Tetanus is an uncommon but dreadful complication of non-sterile ear piercing, ear instrumentation and chronic discharging ears in chronic otitis media, and is still occurring in our country.

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“…Although the implementation of immunization programs, a large number of cases have been reported from the developing world [162][163][164][165], being the most common cause of otogenic tetanus the trauma followed by lesion contamination [166]. In developed countries, it has been observed that tetanus infections occur in immunosuppressed patients, diabetics, the elderly who were not vaccinated in their childhood, and patients older than 50 years with serological tests with low levels of antibodies against tetanus toxin [167,168].…”

Section: Tetani Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%