A 73-year-old man underwent colonoscopy for an examination of anemia, which revealed a type 2 lesion on the anterior wall of rectum Ra-Rb. It was diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on biopsy. He had no history of parasitic disease, although he had lived in an area where Schistosoma japonicum used to be epidemic. Preoperative examination revealed no evidence of schistosomiasis, and laparoscopic-assisted abdominal perineal rectal amputation was performed. The pathological diagnosis was T3N0M0 Stage Ⅱ. However, Schistosoma japonicum eggs were found in the submucosa of the surrounding normal area. Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic disease caused by Oncomelania hupensis nosophora with dermatitis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cirrhosis in severe cases. Thanks to the eradication of Oncomelania hupensis nosophora, there have been no cases of infection in Japan since 1978. However, there have been several case reports in which Schistosoma japonicum eggs were found in pathological specimens of colorectal cancers since then. In the present case, Schistosoma japonicum eggs happened to be found in a resected rectal cancer specimen. We report the case, with a review of the literature.