A Case of &lt;i&gt;Legionella&lt;/i&gt; Pneumonia Linked to a Hot Spring Facility in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Kurosawa, Hájíme; Fujita, Masahiro; Kobatake, Satoshi; Kimura, Hirokazu; Ohshima, Mitsuko; Nagai, Akiko; Kaneko, Shingaku; Iwasaki, Yasuki; Kozawa, Kunihisa

doi:10.7883/yoken.63.78

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For six cases, all related to Japanese spas, a genotypic match could be identified between the environmental and clinical isolates by PFGE. − ,, In only one of the six studies, other possible infection sources were excluded; therefore, the highest LOE was assigned (Ia) . The other case reports were assigned the second highest LOE (II).…”

Section: Confirmed Legionella Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmed and Potential Sources of Legionella Reviewed

Heijnsbergen

Schalk

Euser

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

136

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Legionella bacteria are ubiquitous in natural matrices and man-made systems. However, it is not always clear if these reservoirs can act as source of infection resulting in cases of Legionnaires' disease. This review provides an overview of reservoirs of Legionella reported in the literature, other than drinking water distribution systems. Levels of evidence were developed to discriminate between potential and confirmed sources of Legionella. A total of 17 systems and matrices could be classified as confirmed sources of Legionella. Many other man-made systems or natural matrices were not classified as a confirmed source, since either no patients were linked to these reservoirs or the supporting evidence was weak. However, these systems or matrices could play an important role in the transmission of infectious Legionella bacteria; they might not yet be considered in source investigations, resulting in an underestimation of their importance. To optimize source investigations it is important to have knowledge about all the (potential) sources of Legionella. Further research is needed to unravel what the contribution is of each confirmed source, and possibly also potential sources, to the LD disease burden.

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Section: Confirmed Legionella Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmed and Potential Sources of Legionella Reviewed

Heijnsbergen

Schalk

Euser

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

136

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“…). To summarize, most studies have shown that photocatalysts eliminate more than 90% of bacteria in one hour regardless of whether they are gram-positive [ 4 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 36 , 89 ] or gram-negative [ 1 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 21 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 38 , 55 , 56 , 80 , 91 , 95 ]. Thus, photocatalysis can be used to eliminate various bacterial species.…”

Section: Antibacterial Effect Of Photocatalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification of living environments using photocatalysts: Inactivation of microorganisms and decomposition of allergens

MATSUURA,

AIDA

2024

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Many emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are prevalent, and the number of patients with allergies is increasing. Therefore, the importance of purifying the living environment is increasing. Photocatalysts undergo extreme redox reactions and decompose organic matter upon exposure to the excitation light. In contrast to ultraviolet light and disinfectants, which are standard methods for inactivating viruses and eliminating microorganisms, photocatalysts can decompose toxic substances, such as endotoxins and allergens, rendering them harmless to the human body. Photocatalysts have attracted significant attention as potential antiviral and antimicrobial agents. This review outlines the antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-allergenic effects of photocatalysts. Especially, we have discussed the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in liquids and aerosols, elimination of Legionella pneumophila in liquids, decomposition of its endotoxin, decomposition of cat and dog allergens, and elimination of their allergenicity using photocatalysts. Furthermore, we discuss future perspectives on how photocatalysts can purify living environments, and how photocatalytic technology can be applied to companion animals and the livestock industry.

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Activity of Six Essential Oils Extracted from Tunisian Plants against Legionella pneumophila

Chaftar

Girardot

Nathalie

et al. 2015

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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The aim of this study was to investigate the composition of six essential oils extracted from Tunisian plants, i.e., Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, Juniperus phoenicea L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Thymus vulgaris L., and to evaluate their activity against Legionella pneumophila (microdilution assays). Eight Legionella pneumophila strains were studied, including the two well-known serogroup 1 Lens and Paris strains as controls and six environmental strains isolated from Tunisian spas belonging to serogroups 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8. The essential oils were generally active against L. pneumophila. The activities of the A. herba-alba, C. sinensis, and R. officinalis essential oils were strain-dependent, whereas those of the J. phoenicea and T. vulgaris oils, showing the highest anti-Legionella activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) lower than 0.03 and lower than or equal to 0.07 mg/ml, respectively, were independent of the strains' serogroup. Moreover, the microorganisms treated with T. vulgaris essential oil were shorter, swollen, and less electron-dense compared to the untreated controls. Isoborneol (20.91%), (1S)-α-pinene (18.30%) β-phellandrene (8.08%), α-campholenal (7.91%), and α-phellandrene (7.58%) were the major components isolated from the J. phoenicea oil, while carvacrol (88.50%) was the main compound of the T. vulgaris oil, followed by p-cymene (7.86%). This study highlighted the potential interest of some essential oils extracted from Tunisian plants as biocides to prevent the Legionella risk.

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A Case of <i>Legionella</i> Pneumonia Linked to a Hot Spring Facility in Gunma Prefecture, Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Confirmed and Potential Sources of Legionella Reviewed

Confirmed and Potential Sources of Legionella Reviewed

Purification of living environments using photocatalysts: Inactivation of microorganisms and decomposition of allergens

Activity of Six Essential Oils Extracted from Tunisian Plants against Legionella pneumophila

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