“…During the last 20 years in Japan, 11 cases of IPH have been reported to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 3,4,7-15 7 with mixed connective tissue disease, 2,5,16-20 2 with Sj枚gren syndrome, 21,22 4 with systemic sclerosis, 23-25 and 5 with RA. 8,[26][27][28][29] The cases of IPH associated with RA have been reported only from Japan. We suppose that the concept of IPH was created in Japan, considering that the same disease is termed noncirrhotic portal fibrosis in India 30 and hepatoportal sclerosis in the United States.…”