Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is performed for diagnosing pancreatic lesions. As EUS-FNA can develop needle track seeding, its use for radiographically-diagnosed pancreatic malignancy remains controversial. We investigated a useful setting of EUS-FNA for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma by comparing the diagnostic sensitivity between EUS-FNA and contrast enhanced-computed tomography (CT), and by evaluating the short-and long-term outcomes. Methods: Between January 2012 and March 2015, 107 consecutive patients underwent resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. Short-and longterm outcomes were compared between patients receiving EUS-FNA and patients who did not. Results: EUS-FNA was performed for 52 patients (48.6%).Diagnostic sensitivity of EUS-FNA (90.4%) was significantly higher than for blinded CT(69.2%) (p=0.021). EUS-FNA accurately diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma in 16 of 16 (100%) patients who had small tumor diameter, autoimmune pancreatitis, or IPMN-related tumor although they were not correctly diagnosed by radiographic findings. In particular, the sensitivity of EUS-FNA was approximately 90%, irrespective of tumor size, while that for blinded CT was low in cases with a small tumor size (46% for TS1 tumor). Preoperative EUS-FNA was not associated with overall survival (p=0.958), recurrence-free survival (p=0.357), and relapse rate at peripancreatic tissue and/or peritoneum(p=0.641). Conclusion: EUS-FNA is particularly useful for diagnosing small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with pancreatitis or IPMN-related adenocarcinoma, providing high diagnostic sensitivity and acceptable prognostic outcomes.