A Case of COVID-19 With Memory Impairment and Delayed Presentation as Stroke

Garg, Alpana; Marji, Amin; Goyal, Shubham; Ismail, Rana

doi:10.7759/cureus.10025

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Considering the aforementioned multifaceted features of ACE2 activity in the brain, one may assume that its downregulation may result in various deleterious consequences, such as deterioration of cognition ( Wang et al, 2016 ). Several reports suggest that COVID-19 can present with neurological deficits, including memory impairment ( Garg et al, 2020 ; Lu et al, 2020 ), which is also supported by a COVID-19 clinical update showing that individuals who recovered from COVID-19 perform worse on cognitive tests in multiple domains ( Hampshire et al, 2020 ; a preprint). Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the involvement of altered ACE2 activity in COVID-19 neurological manifestations.…”

Section: Coronaviruses (Family Coronaviridae )mentioning

confidence: 83%

Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19

Tavčar

Potokar

Kolenc

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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At the end of 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing a new coronavirus disease, termed COVID-19 by the WHO on February 11, 2020. At the time of this paper (January 31, 2021), more than 100 million cases have been recorded, which have claimed over 2 million lives worldwide. The most important clinical presentation of COVID-19 is severe pneumonia; however, many patients present various neurological symptoms, ranging from loss of olfaction, nausea, dizziness, and headache to encephalopathy and stroke, with a high prevalence of inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) syndromes. SARS-CoV-2 may also target the respiratory center in the brainstem and cause silent hypoxemia. However, the neurotropic mechanism(s) by which SARS-CoV-2 affects the CNS remain(s) unclear. In this paper, we first address the involvement of astrocytes in COVID-19 and then elucidate the present knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 as a neurotropic virus as well as several other neurotropic flaviviruses (with a particular emphasis on the West Nile virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus) to highlight the neurotropic mechanisms that target astroglial cells in the CNS. These key homeostasis-providing cells in the CNS exhibit many functions that act as a favorable milieu for virus replication and possibly a favorable environment for SARS-CoV-2 as well. The role of astrocytes in COVID-19 pathology, related to aging and neurodegenerative disorders, and environmental factors, is discussed. Understanding these mechanisms is key to better understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and for developing new strategies to mitigate the neurotropic manifestations of COVID-19.

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Section: Coronaviruses (Family Coronaviridae )mentioning

confidence: 83%

Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19

Tavčar

Potokar

Kolenc

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…These results were consistent with previous international findings. 40 COVID-19-affected patients have been related to a higher risk of cognitive impairment after resolving the primary infection, according to previous studies. 41 The cognitive impairment reported in the earlier studies suggests the need for long-term follow up of the COVID-affected subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Professional Psychomotor Skills of Dental Students

Alrashed¹,

Sattar²,

Habib³

et al. 2021

PRBM

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Purpose To estimate dental students’ self-perception of mental well-being (MWB) and its effects on their clinical psychomotor skills (CPS) once they (or their family members) get infected with COVID-19. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional (n =268) study from a public dental college in Riyadh. We collected data on MWB and CPS. An 18-item online survey was used to collect the responses from the participants. The inter-rater reliability for the finalised survey came out to be 0.86. Results The participants (54.3%) who were infected with COVID-19 recorded that their CPS were significantly affected (almost 4 times higher) as compared to others ( OR = 4.02; P =0.0004). However, 42.2% reported infection control measures at clinics resulted in bringing significant ( OR =2.22, P =0.04) psychological upsets, for those who were infected with COVID-19. Participants (45.1%) also reported that they have difficulty in recalling old memories or information due to the COVID-19 pandemic; among them, 46.7% were the ones who (and/or any family member) were exposed to COVID-19. Conclusion The study spotlighted the extent of dental students’ MWB and its significant effect on their CPS once (themselves or a family member) infected with COVID-19. Moreover, levels of infection control measures at clinics resulted in psychological upsets for dental students. Clinical Significance The issue is fundamental as participants enter the clinical workforce and face the ever-increasing demands of dental practice.

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“…The remaining 71 articles (127 patients) that satisfied the criteria mentioned above were included in this review. In this review, 80 cases of patients developed IS during COVID-19 infection (Aasfara et al 2021 ; Abdulkadir et al 2020 ; Agarwal et al 2020 ; Al-Mufti et al 2021 ; Al Saiegh et al 2020 ; Appavu et al 2021 ; Ashraf and Sajed 2020 ; Avula et al 2020 ; Bessa et al 2020 ; Bigliardi et al 2020 ; Burkert and Patil 2020 ; Co et al 2020 ; Dakay et al 2020a , b ; de Almeida Lima et al 2020 ; de Lorenzo Alvarez et al 2021 ; Deliwala et al 2020 ; Dumitrascu et al 2020 ; Efendizade et al 2020 ; El Nahas et al 2020 ; Elshereye and Erdinc 2020 ; Eskandarani et al 2021 ; Fu et al 2021 ; Garg et al, 2020 ; Gemcioglu et al 2020 ; Goette et al 2020 ; Goldberg et al 2020 ; Guillan et al 2020 ; Iqbal et al 2021 ; Kwon et al 2020 ; Mahboob et al 2020 ; Mansour et al 2020 ; Mirzaee et al 2020 ; Morassi et al 2020 ; Mowla et al 2020 ; Patel et al 2020a , b ; Patel et al 2020a , b ; Prasad et al 2021 ; Priftis et al 2020 ; Rajdev et al 2020 ; Rascón-Ramírez et al 2020 ; Roy et al 2021 ; Valderrama et al 2020 ; Viguier et al 2020 ; Zhai et al 2020 ), 32 cases developed intracranial hemorrhage (Ahmad et al 2021 ; Al-Mufti et al 2021 ; Al Saiegh et al 2020 ; Carroll and Lewis 2021 ; Cezar-Junior et al 2020 ; Dakay et al 2020a , b ; Dakay et al 2020a , ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-based systematic review on the SARS-COVID-2-associated cerebrovascular diseases and the possible virus routes of entry

Lashkari

Ranjbar

2021

J. Neurovirol.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sparked a global pandemic that continues to affect various facets of human existence. Many sources reported virus-induced acute cerebrovascular disorders. Systematically, this paper reviews the case studies of COVID-19-related acute cerebrovascular diseases such as ischaemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral sinus thrombosis. We also spoke about how SARS-CoV-2 can infect the brain and trigger the aforementioned disorders. We stated that SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion and BBB dysfunction could cause the observed disorders; however, further research is required to specify the mechanisms and pathogenesis of the virus.

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A Case of COVID-19 With Memory Impairment and Delayed Presentation as Stroke

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19

Neurotropic Viruses, Astrocytes, and COVID-19

Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health and Professional Psychomotor Skills of Dental Students

A case-based systematic review on the SARS-COVID-2-associated cerebrovascular diseases and the possible virus routes of entry

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