A Case of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to &lt;i&gt;Legionella pneumophila&lt;/i&gt; Serogroup 9 Wherein Initial Treatment with Single-Dose Oral Azithromycin Appeared Useful

Ito, Akihiro; Ishida, Tadashi; Takahashi, Hiromasa; Ito, Yuhei; Takaiwa, Takuya; Fujii, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Toru; Nakajima, Hiroshi; Amemura-Maekawa, Junko

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.548

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…L. pneumophila SG 1 to 10, 12, 13, and 15 have always been isolated from water distribution systems worldwide more frequently than the other serogroups [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Although environmental strains (SG 2–15) account for only 16 to 20% of legionellosis cases [ 32 ], there is evidence that patients with L. pneumophila of SG 2 to 15 show typical symptoms of Legionella pneumonia, but Legionella urinary antigen tests (UATs), which are rapid tools for early diagnosis of legionellosis, are negative because UATs detect only SG 1 [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. From a public health perspective, this is noteworthy because there is an association between delayed laboratory diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Antibiofilm Smart Surface against Legionella for Water Systems

Filice

Sciuto

Faro³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Legionella pneumophila contamination of water systems is a crucial issue for public health. The pathogen is able to persist in water as free-living planktonic bacteria or to grow within biofilms that adhere to and clog filters and pipes in a water system, reducing its lifespan and, in the case of hospital buildings, increasing the risk of nosocomial infections. The implementation of water management is considered to be the main prevention measure and can be achieved from the optimization of water system architecture, notably introducing new materials and strategies to contrast Legionella biofilm proliferation and so prolong the water system functionality. In this research, we propose a new smart surface against L. pneumophila biofilm formation. This is based on an innovative type of coating consisting of a sulfonated pentablock copolymer (s-PBC, commercially named Nexar™) deposited on top of a polypropylene (PP) coupon in a sandwich filter model. The covering of PP with s-PBC results in a more hydrophilic, acid, and negatively charged surface that induces microbial physiological inhibition thereby preventing adhesion and/or proliferation attempts of L. pneumophila prior to the biofilm formation. The antibiofilm property has been investigated by a Zone of Inhibition test and an in vitro biofilm formation analysis. Filtration tests have been performed as representative of possible applications for s-PBC coating. Results are reported and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Antibiofilm Smart Surface against Legionella for Water Systems

Filice

Sciuto

Faro³

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…Early, targeted therapy that covers LD has shown to improve overall outcomes [19]. The most frequently identified of LD is Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in 80% of cases [23]. New diagnostic test had been added to the testing armamentarium (urinary antigen and polymerase chain reaction).…”

Section: Targeted Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Legionnaires’ Disease Treatment

Velazco¹

2020

Hospital Acquired Infection and Legionnaires' Disease

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Legionnaires' disease is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia as well as hospital-acquired pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila is an important but uncommon respiratory pathogen with significant morbidity and mortality. Initially recognized as a fatal cause of pneumonia in the 1970s. Untreated Legionnaires' disease conveys high mortality, therefore a prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics is of extreme importance. Currently, therapeutic options include macrolides and fluoroquinolones mainly, that have an effective therapeutic profile. Potential issues of bacterial resistance have risen, but overall, this is not a significant limitation of therapy. In addition, attempts to identify other cases related to the case will help find potential sources.

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“…Thus, the attention focused on this serogroup is high [ 4 ]. Furthermore, previous studies demonstrated human infections with serogroup 3 [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], serogroup 9 [ 7 , 8 ], and serogroup 6 [ 7 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Monitoring of Legionella in Hospitals in the Campania Region: A 5-Year Study

Lombardi

Borriello

Rosa

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Legionella is a pathogen that colonizes soils, freshwater, and building water systems. People who are most affected are those with immunodeficiencies, so it is necessary to monitor its presence in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of Legionella in water samples collected from hospitals in the Campania region, Southern Italy. A total of 3365 water samples were collected from January 2018 to December 2022 twice a year in hospital wards from taps and showers, tank bottoms, and air-treatment units. Microbiological analysis was conducted in accordance with the UNI EN ISO 11731:2017, and the correlations between the presence of Legionella and water temperature and residual chlorine were investigated. In total, 708 samples (21.0%) tested positive. The most represented species was L. pneumophila 2–14 (70.9%). The serogroups isolated were 1 (27.7%), 6 (24.5%), 8 (23.3%), 3 (18.9%), 5 (3.1%), and 10 (1.1%). Non-pneumophila Legionella spp. represented 1.4% of the total. Regarding temperature, the majority of Legionella positive samples were found in the temperature range of 26.0–40.9 °C. An influence of residual chlorine on the presence of the bacterium was observed, confirming that chlorine disinfection is effective for controlling contamination. The positivity for serogroups other than serogroup 1 suggested the need to continue environmental monitoring of Legionella and to focus on the clinical diagnosis of other serogroups.

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A Case of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Due to <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> Serogroup 9 Wherein Initial Treatment with Single-Dose Oral Azithromycin Appeared Useful

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Innovative Antibiofilm Smart Surface against Legionella for Water Systems

Innovative Antibiofilm Smart Surface against Legionella for Water Systems

Legionnaires’ Disease Treatment

Environmental Monitoring of Legionella in Hospitals in the Campania Region: A 5-Year Study

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