A case for unreplicated plots for multi-site yield testing in wheat

Bhatt, G. M.; Ellison, FW; Маршалл, .

doi:10.1071/ar9840107

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The technique has, as indicated earlier (Thomas et al ., 1989), previously provided valuable data in Britain and has been used in other countries, despite some of the constraints (Shane & Teng, 1987). The consistency of the overall effects of disease control suggests that replication across sites can be as valid as replication of treatments at an individual site for fungicide evaluation, as it seems to be for yield assessments in cultivar tests (Bhatt et al ., 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the extreme, in order to provide plots for more treatment comparisons, such designs may only use one replicate per site, other sites and years providing the replication. It has been consistently shown that the optimal arrangement for a given number of plots is to use one replication per location and the maximum number of locations (Yates, 1939: Sprague & Federer, 1951; Balaam & Hunter, 1962; Baker, 1969; Peterson & Rathjen, 1981; Latter & Ellison, 1983; Bhatt et al ., 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of fungicide spray timing on winter wheat disease control

Cook

Hims²,

Vaughan³

1999

Plant Pathology

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A field experiment of novel systematic design was established on 17 sites in the three years 1988-90 to compare the effect of spray timing on the disease control provided by fungicides. At each site one set of plots received applications of a mixture of fenpropimorph and prochloraz or triadimenol, tridemorph and chlorothalonil fungicides, applied at successively later start dates to produce a series of temporally and spatially related, but discrete, epidemics curtailed at consecutively later stages of development between GS32 and GS75. A second set of plots was treated with a single spray of one of a set of the nine candidate fungicides between GS32 and GS71. Disease developed at each site, with moderate septoria leaf spot (Septoria tritici) at five of the eight sites in 1988 and four of the seven sites in 1989. Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici was present at two sites in 1988, four sites in 1989 and one site only in 1990. Puccinia striiformis (four sites only in 1989 and 1990) and brown rust (one site in each year) were less common. The systematic treatments showed consistent relationships between green leaf retention during grain filling and yield. They also provided clear indications that epidemics of foliar disease initiated before flag leaf emergence had the greatest impact on yield. After this stage, yield loss averaged 27·2 kg ha ¹1 for each day that elapsed before fungicide was applied. The sequential single spray treatments showed marked differences between the protectant and eradicant activity of the different fungicides used. Each disease was most effectively controlled on the final leaf by treatment at or immediately after its emergence. Chlorothalonil was as effective as any of the fungicides tested against septoria, when applied before flag leaf emergence, but was inferior when applied after this stage. The fungicides were equally effective against yellow rust when applied just before symptoms were detected, when spray timing appeared to be more important than choice of fungicide. The response of brown rust to fungicides was similar, except that chlorothalonil was the least effective. For mildew, timing seemed to be less important, although sprays applied immediately after leaf emergence provided the best control on each individual leaf layer. Yield was well related to disease and green leaf area late in the season, these factors being more important than which disease was present, which fungicide, and which cultivar were used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fungicide spray timing on winter wheat disease control

Cook

Hims²,

Vaughan³

1999

Plant Pathology

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“…They concluded that 'single replicate testing requires only rudimentary statistical skills, complements extension activities, and is a viable alternative for rapid, reliable identification of superior cultivars in food production environments where both reliability and speed are critical'. Bhatt et al (1984) examined the correlation between randomly selected single replicates at each site with the overall entry means using all of the replicate data. The correlations so obtained varied from + 0.88 to + 0.98 with a mean over the 16 data sets examined of + 0.94.…”

Section: Indicator 4 Orienting Varietal Testing Towards Farmers In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory Plant Breeding Is Better Described as Highly Client-Oriented Plant Breeding. I. Four Indicators of Client-Orientation in Plant Breeding

Witcombe

Joshi²,

Gyawali³

et al. 2005

Ex. Agric.

138

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In this paper we attempt to remove the dichotomy created by distinguishing between participatory and non-participatory breeding programmes by using the degree of client orientation as the basis for an analysis. Although all breeding programmes are implicitly client-oriented, we examine how participatory approaches explicitly increase the extent of client orientation. We briefly review the history of participatory plant breeding (PPB) and analyse the participatory techniques used at different stages of the breeding programme. In common with several other authors, we find that farmer involvement in selecting in the segregating generations may not be an essential component of PPB. However, in some circumstances such collaboration is required and is the subject of a second paper in this series. The purpose of all the techniques used in PPB programmes is to better meet the needs of clients. Thus, breeding programmes can be differentiated by their extent of client-orientation removing the dichotomy involved with the term participatory. We discuss four techniques in the suite of techniques that have been employed by PPB: identifying the target market or clients; using germplasm that can best meet the needs of target clients; matching the environments of the target clients; and product testing in the target market with target clients. Most attention is paid to the last of these four that is often referred to as participatory varietal selection (PVS) and how it is done varies with circumstances. Rice varieties from a client-oriented breeding programme in Nepal were tested in mother and baby trials in Bangladesh. The rapid acceptance of these varieties by farmers illustrates the power of the participatory trials system and the success of a highly client-oriented breeding approach.

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Breeding cool season food legumes for improved performance in stress environments

Buddenhagen

Richards

1988

Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture

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A case for unreplicated plots for multi-site yield testing in wheat

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of fungicide spray timing on winter wheat disease control

Effects of fungicide spray timing on winter wheat disease control

Participatory Plant Breeding Is Better Described as Highly Client-Oriented Plant Breeding. I. Four Indicators of Client-Orientation in Plant Breeding

Breeding cool season food legumes for improved performance in stress environments

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