A case evaluation of traumatic brain injury in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar during January 2016 - December 2017

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury is a case that is often encountered in emergency care installation and is one of the leading causes of death in the productive age range. Globally, the Traumatic Brain Injury incident increased sharply, mainly due to the increase in motorized vehicle use. In 2020, the WHO estimated that traffic accidents would be the third-largest cause of disease and trauma in the world. In Indonesia, at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta shows that the mortality rate is high in patients with severe head injuries with a percentage of 35% -50%. This figure is higher than the international literature standard. This study aims to describe the traumatic brain injury case in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 2016 - December 2017.Methods: This descriptive study report the evaluation of cases of traumatic brain injury patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar, from January 2016 - December 2017. The population and sample are 1217 patients (total sampling).Result: From 1217 samples, most are men (70%), and 30% are women, with age 11-20 years are the most (30%). The most common causes of traumatic brain injury are caused by traffic accidents (89%). The largest group of patients (50%) had a mild head injury (GCS 14-15). From a Head CT scan, the most lesion was epidural hemorrhage (EDH) (26-34%) followed by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (23-28%). About 36% patients were treated by operations and the rest were conservative. Based on the outcomes, about 77% were discharged from a hospital in life and 23% died.  Conclusion: The highest mortality was in severe head injury, about 87% was died (161 of 186 patients with a severe head injury). From the Head CT Scan, about 95% (19 of 20 patients) with IVH lesions were died and followed by ICH lesions as 39% (122 died from 309 patients). Based on the therapy given both surgery and conservative, patients who were discharged from the hospital in life at 77-79% and died 21-23%.

Comparison of Blood Lactate Concentrations in Patients with Closed Traumatic Brain Injuries after Surgical and Conservative Interventions

“…In the adult population, the greater tendency to perform outdoor activities among men than women raises men's risk of experiencing traffic accidents, which is the leading cause of brain injury in developing countries (42.4%) [8], [9]. In developed countries, where the top cause of brain injury is falls, men also have a greater risk of brain injury than women [4], [10].…”

“…Managing TBI can involve surgical interventions (e.g., evacuation and decompressive craniotomy) and/ or conservative interventions without surgery (e.g., oxygenation, resuscitation, antibiotics, osmotherapy, and analgesics) [3], [4]. Decompressive craniotomy is an intervention in which a part of the skull is removed and the dura mater is expanded to allow the brain to swell without crushing it or causing herniation [3].…”

Surgical Acute Epidural Hematoma in Temporal Perioral Region of Brain: Case Report

“…Furthermore, this research focuses on reducing the mortality from AEDHs by providing quick referrals to emergency neurosurgery and sufficient hospital facilities for continuous access to these services for those with head injuries. 14 In underdeveloped countries with insufficient manpower and a lack of key diagnostic imaging support services, variables such as delayed detection and seeking appropriate professional care may also have an indirect impact on the fate of these patients. 13 The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the severity and outcomes of TBI induced by EDH cases in Asian nations, as well as to address some of the public health ramifications of this burden which is the most dangerous threatens the life of the victims.…”

Effect of erythropoietin administration on expression of mRNA brain-derived Neutrophic factor, levels of stromal cell-derived Factor-1, and neuron specific enolase in brain injury model Sprague Dawley

“…Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complicated condition that is the primary cause of death and disability in children and young adults in developed countries [ [1] , [2] , [3] ]. In 2019, Dewan et al conducted a systematic review and the results found that 69 million (95% CI 64–74 million) people worldwide will experience brain injury each year.…”