A Case control study to evaluate oxidative stress in plasma samples of oral malignancy

Abstract

Background:Imbalances between the oxidant –antioxidant status have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in the venous blood samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of different Clinicopathologic stages in comparison with the healthy controls.Setting and Design:A Case control study was designed in a hospital (Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University) based setting.Materials and Methods:Twenty new histopathologically proven oral carcinoma patients, and equal number of age, sex and habit matched healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Their blood samples were subjected to evaluation of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) using spectrophotometric methods.Statistical Analysis:The data are expressed as mean±SD. The statistical comparisons were performed by independent Student's t-test and One Way ANOVA. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Karl Pearson correlation was performed for the biochemical parameters within the group and between the groups. For statistically significant correlations, linear regression was performed.Results:Significant enhanced lipid peroxidation (P<0.001) with decrease in antioxidants (P<0.001) was observed in the venous blood of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients as compared with the healthy controls. Accordingly, significant (P<0.001) pattern of progression in TBARS levels was observed at various clinical stages of patients. (GSH) showed significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with TBARS and positive correlation (P<0.001) with SOD. On linear regression analysis, GSH showed significance for SOD (P<0.001), GPx, CAT and TBARS (P<0.01). It was also found that, 70% of variance in SOD can be attributed to the influence of GSH alone.Conclusion:Enhanced lipid peroxidation and compromised antioxidant defense in plasma indicate development of oxidative stress. Amongst the antioxidant enzymes, (GSH) appears to have a profound role in carcinogenesis.

Evaluation of salivary and serum lipid peroxidation, and glutathione in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

“…The other important salivary component, GSH has a redox buffering capacity due to its ability to regenerate the most important antioxidants back to their active forms (10). Nishioka et al conducted the Ames test and found that saliva inhibited the genotoxic effects of benzopyrene and condensate of cigarette smoke that are well-known oral cancer inducers.…”

“…They also interact with cellular DNA causing DNA damage and interference with its repair, which is a major cause of pathobiological changes in cancer cells. Peroxidation of membrane lipids generates well characterized, mutagenic lipid peroxidation end products, such as Lipid hydroperoxides (LHP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (10). MDA is a major genotoxic carbonyl compound generated by lipid peroxidation and during arachidonic acid metabolism for the synthesis of prostaglandins.…”

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and gastroenterological cancers via epigenomical regulation of microRNA-210

“…In gastric cancer, variations in fatty acid levels and lipid peroxidation-related DNA adducts are associated with cancer morbidity and carcinogenesis [ 10 , 11 ]. Enhanced oxidative stress was also observed in plasma samples of oral carcinoma patients [ 12 ]. Binding of oxLDL to its receptor, lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), activates multiple pathways involved in inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis [ 3 , 13 ].…”

Serum levels of Antioxidant in patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: a preliminary study

“…Gurudath S et al also found that Erythrocyte -SOD (E-SOD) and GPx levels were decreased in not only OSCC but oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis also [20]. Kumar Chandan Srivatsav et al found decreased levels of antioxidants with a corresponding increased level of free radicals in patients with OSCC when compared with control subjects [21]. Raghvendra U et al found an increased SOD activity in smokers and explained it to be an adaptive mechanism of the body to counter act the oxidant factor as they found an increased level of oxidative stress.…”