A case-control study of malignant and non-malignant respiratory disease among employees of a fiberglass manufacturing facility. II. Exposure assessment.

Chiazze, Leonard; Watkins, Deborah K.; Fryar, Cheryl D.; Kozono, J

doi:10.1136/oem.50.8.717

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, this was a hospital-based case-control study and not a nested case-control study within a cohort of occupationally exposed workers. The results reported by WONG [148] (1991) were subsequently confirmed in a similar study carried out by CHIAZZE and co-workers [150] (1993).…”

Section: Malignant Respiratory Diseasessupporting

confidence: 53%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres

Vuyst¹,

Dumortier²,

Swaen³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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The group of man-made mineral or vitreous fibres (MMMFs or MMVFs) includes glass wool, rock wool, slag wool, glass filaments and microfibres, and refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs). Experimental observations have provided evidence that some types of MMVF are bioactive under certain conditions. The critical role of size parameters has been demonstrated in cellular and animal experiments, when intact fibres are in direct contact with the target cells. It is, however, difficult to extrapolate the results from these studies to humans since they bypass inhalation, deposition, clearance and translocation mechanisms. Inhalation studies are more realistic, but show differences between animal species regarding their sensibility to tumour induction by fibres. Fibre biopersistence is an important factor, as suggested by recent inhalation studies, which demonstrate positive results with RCF for fibrosis, lung tumours and mesothelioma. There is no firm evidence that exposure to glass-, rock- and slag wool is associated with lung fibrosis, pleural lesions, or nonspecific respiratory disease in humans. Exposure to RCF could enhance the effects of smoking in causing airways obstruction. An elevated standard mortality ratio for lung cancer has been demonstrated in cohorts of workers exposed to MMVF, especially in the early technological phase of mineral (rock slag) wool production. During that period, several carcinogenic agents (arsenic, asbestos, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)) were also present at the workplace and quantitative data about smoking and fibre levels are lacking. It is not possible from these data to determine whether the risk of lung cancer is due to the MMVFs themselves. No increased risk of mesothelioma has been demonstrated in the cohorts of workers exposed to glass-, slag- or rock wool. There are in fact insufficient epidemiological data available concerning neoplastic diseases in RCF production workers because of the small size of the workforce and the relatively recent industrial production.

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Section: Malignant Respiratory Diseasessupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Table 6. -Summary of Geneva inhalation studies [100] +: development of Wagner Grade 4 fibrosis; *: significant increase in tumours relative to air controls; (a): including at least one mesothelioma; **: four exposure groups (25,75,150 and 225 fibres·mL -1 ).…”

Section: Intracavity Studies (Tables 3 and 4 And Appendix V)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres

Vuyst¹,

Dumortier²,

Swaen³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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“…Similarly, few studies had information on exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens that may be correlated with formaldehyde exposure (2,6,11,22,28). In addition, only six studies (2,13,16,20,21,29) included women in their study population, though analyses by gender were reported in only three studies (13,16,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the risk of lung cancer in two Canadian population-based case–control studies

Mahboubi

Koushik²,

Siemiatycki³

et al. 2013

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…The PubMed search of asphalt workers resulted in more than 20 cohort studies (some with overlapping populations), (10,28,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)68,69) 11 case-control studies, (51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61) and 7 proportionate mortality studies. (2,(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67) From this group of peer-reviewed epidemiological studies, the subset that specifically included roofers was identified, and the abstracted characteristics are presented by study type in Table I.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studies Of Roofersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Possible Extent of Confounding in Epidemiological Studies of Lung Cancer Risk Among Roofers

Mundt

Wijngaarden

Mundt

2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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industry employs about 200,000 workers and estimates indicate about 50,000 on-roof workers are exposed to asphalt fumes during approximately 40% of their working hours. Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to evaluate cancer outcomes among roofers, including exposure to asphalt/bitumen fume. However, most studies relied on job title as a surrogate for exposure to asphalt or asphalt fumes because individual exposure data were not available. Therefore, it is unclear whether reported results of an increased risk of lung cancer reflect the direct impact of asphalt exposure on employee health, or if findings are due to bias, such as the presence of other risk factors for lung cancer (i.e., "confounding" exposures) or the use of comparison populations that are inherently different with respect to lung cancer risk. We evaluated the likelihood and extent to which the observed increased risk of lung cancer may be due to confounding (a mixing of effects of multiple exposures) by co-exposure to other potential carcinogens present in roofing or to lifestyle variables. We conducted a review of the epidemiological and industrial hygiene literature of asphalt-exposed workers. Peer-reviewed epidemiological studies of asphalt fumes, related occupational exposures, and confounding factors were identified from MEDLINE (1966-early 2004). Industrial hygiene studies of asphalt workers were identified through MEDLINE, publicly available government documents, and asphalt industry documents. Using wellestablished statistical methods, we quantified the extent to which lung cancer relative risk estimates among roofers reflect confounding from other exposures, using different prevalence and risk scenarios. The relative risk of lung cancer varied from 1.2 to 5.0 in 13 epidemiological studies of roofers; most studies reported a relative risk between 1.2 and 1.4. Smoking, asbestos and coal tar were the most likely confounders, but the prevalence of these factors varied over time. For example, smoking prevalence declined more steadily in the general population than among roofers, and coal tar and asbestos exposures among roofers have declined over the past 50 years. Depending on prevalence estimates used, the relative risk due to confounding ranged from 1.17 to 1.52 (current smoking); 1.36 to 1.78 (asbestos); and 1.04 to 2.32 (coal tar). The results of the study indicate that much of the observed risk reported in epidemiological studies of cancer among roofers is well within the range of what may have resulted from confounding by reasonable and expected levels of smoking, asbestos or coal tar. This may be particularly true for those studies that did not adjust for these confounders and where the exposure was defined as employment in the roofing industry. In addition to poorly defined asphalt exposure, uncontrolled confounding cannot reliably be ruled out in studies of lung cancer among asphalt-exposed roofers. Therefore, it is not possible to conclude whether roofers are at increased risk of lung cancer due to asphalt exposure....

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A case-control study of malignant and non-malignant respiratory disease among employees of a fiberglass manufacturing facility. II. Exposure assessment.

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres

Respiratory health effects of man-made vitreous (mineral) fibres

Assessment of the effect of occupational exposure to formaldehyde on the risk of lung cancer in two Canadian population-based case–control studies

An Assessment of the Possible Extent of Confounding in Epidemiological Studies of Lung Cancer Risk Among Roofers

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