A case-control analysis of traceback investigations for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections (vibriosis) and pre-harvest environmental conditions in Washington State, 2013–2018

Davis, Benjamin J. K.; Corrigan, Anne E.; Sun, Zhe; Atherly, Erika; DePaola, Angelo; Curriero, Frank C.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141650

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although not all of the V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus strains are pathogenic to humans, the presence of important virulence genes in the two Vibrio sp. isolated from oysters could reach a relatively high frequency in some cases (>50%) ( DePaola et al, 2003 ; Turner et al, 2014 ; Davis et al, 2021 ). Climate change and rising sea temperatures that favor the spread of Vibrio were also thought to be partly responsible for the rise in vibriosis ( Baker-Austin et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly, the prevalence of the thermostable direct hemolysin ( tdh ) and thermostable direct-related hemolysin ( trh ) genes in V. parahaemolyticus was found to increase with temperature ( Turner et al, 2014 ). Davis et al also found that the prominent pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains in South Puget Sound flourish with exposure to relatively warm temperature ( Davis et al, 2021 ). Our samples were collected in mid-October 2020 ( Supplementary Table 1 ), and the average temperature in Guangdong region during this period was 23.7°C, which was considered to be relatively suitable for the growth of Vibrios ( Turner et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Profiles of Retail Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) From Guangdong Province, China

Wang

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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Oysters are one of the main aquatic products sold in coastal areas worldwide and are popular among consumers because of their delicious taste and nutritional value. However, the microorganisms present in oysters may pose health risks to consumers. In this study, the microbial communities of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected from aquatic product markets in three cities (Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Jiangmen) of Guangdong Province, China, where raw oysters are popular, were investigated. The plate counts of viable bacteria in oysters collected in the three cities were all approximately 2 log colony-forming units/g. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the V3–V4 region of the 16Sribosomal DNA gene showed a high level of microbial diversity in oysters, as evidenced by both alpha and beta diversity analysis. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the microorganisms present in these samples. A variety of pathogenic bacteria, including the fatal foodborne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, were found, and Vibrio was the dominant genus. Additionally, the relationship between other microbial species and pathogenic microorganisms may be mostly symbiotic in oysters. These data provide insights into the microbial communities of retail oysters in the Guangdong region and indicate a considerable risk related to the consumption of raw oysters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Profiles of Retail Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) From Guangdong Province, China

Wang

2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Some of these foods (unpasteurised dairy, molluscs, sprouts and some fruits) are relatively infrequently consumed by the public, making them easier to identify as the outbreak source [ 8 – 10 ]. Foods like molluscs and some fruits also are relatively easier to trace to their production origin [ 11 , 12 ]. Foods less commonly associated with recalls included chicken, pork and leafy greens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006–2016

et al. 2021

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About 800 foodborne disease outbreaks are reported in the United States annually. Few are associated with food recalls. We compared 226 outbreaks associated with food recalls with those not associated with recalls during 2006-2016. Recall-associated outbreaks had, on average, more illnesses per outbreak and higher proportions of hospitalisations and deaths than non-recallassociated outbreaks. The top confirmed aetiology for recall-associated outbreaks was Salmonella. Pasteurised and unpasteurised dairy products, beef, and mollusks were the most frequently implicated foods. The most common pathogen-food pairs for outbreaks with recalls were Escherichia coli-beef and norovirus-mollusks; the top pairs for non-recall-associated outbreaks were scombrotoxin-fish and ciguatoxin-fish. For outbreaks with recalls, 48% of the recalls occurred after the outbreak, 27% during the outbreak, 3% before the outbreak, and 22% were inconclusive or had unknown recall timing. Fifty per cent of recall-associated outbreaks were multistate, compared with 2% of non-recall-associated outbreaks. The differences between recall-associated outbreaks and non-recall-associated outbreaks help define the types of outbreaks and food vehicles that are likely to have a recall. Improved outbreak vehicle identification and traceability of rarely recalled foods could lead to more recalls of these products, resulting in fewer illnesses and deaths.

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“…growth (Nordstrom et al 2004;Walton et al 2013;Jones et al 2016). Furthermore, a recent case-control traceback analysis using clinical V. parahaemolyticus isolates in the Pacific Northwest identified intertidal Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas harvest as the primary environmental risk factor for vibriosis from consuming raw oysters (Davis et al 2021). Many Vibrio control plans have restrictions in place to limit risks associated with intertidal shellfish harvest, notably basing time-tocooling restrictions on the time of emergence on outgoing tides rather than time of harvest.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…However, it remains unclear whether intertidal-raised oysters present inherently greater risks or if elevated Vibrio spp. concentrations (Nordstrom et al 2004;Walton et al 2013;Jones et al 2016) and vibriosis risks traced to intertidal harvest (Davis et al 2021) result simply from exposure to ambient air prior to harvest. The latter would reinforce existing time-tocooling restrictions, while the former supports more austere restrictions or prohibitions on intertidal harvest.…”

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Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Increase in Intertidal‐Farmed Oysters in the Mid‐Atlantic Region, but Only at Low Tide

et al. 2021

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Human-pathogenic marine bacteria in the genus Vibrio proliferate rapidly in shellfish tissues when exposed to warm ambient air conditions, such as during intertidal exposure. However, it remains unclear whether intertidalcultured shellfish are inherently associated with elevated Vibrio concentrations. Here we spatially matched eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) held in subtidal and intertidal aquaculture systems at six experimental oyster farms along the mid-Atlantic coast and tested whether intertidal aquaculture elevates concentrations of V. parahaemolyticus, the predominant species associated with seafood-related gastroenteritis, as well as concentrations of V. parahaemolyticus carrying the tdh and/or trh genes associated with pathogenicity in humans. Across the sites and over time, we found only slight evidence for increasing V. parahaemolyticus concentrations with exposure to ambient air at low tide; however, tdh/trh+ V. parahaemolyticus increased about 1.5-fold. We also found that total V. parahaemolyticus concentrations and concentrations of tdh/trh+ V. parahaemolyticus did not differ between intertidal-and subtidalcultured oysters when submerged at high tides. Any changes to V. parahaemolyticus concentrations within oyster tissues, including concentrations of tdh/trh+ V. parahaemolyticus, therefore diminish with the incoming tide. Our results collectively support the existing time-to-cooling restrictions that are in place in many state Vibrio control plans, which involve minimizing the amount of time harvested shellfish can be held prior to cooling or refrigeration, but oppose more austere measures such as restricting or prohibiting intertidal harvest entirely.

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A case-control analysis of traceback investigations for Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections (vibriosis) and pre-harvest environmental conditions in Washington State, 2013–2018

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Microbial Profiles of Retail Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) From Guangdong Province, China

Microbial Profiles of Retail Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) From Guangdong Province, China

Food recalls associated with foodborne disease outbreaks, United States, 2006–2016

Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Increase in Intertidal‐Farmed Oysters in the Mid‐Atlantic Region, but Only at Low Tide

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