A case–cohort study to investigate concomitant waterborne outbreaks of Campylobacter and gastroenteritis in Söderhamn, Sweden, 2002–3

Martin, Stephen; Penttinen, Pasi; Hedin, G.; Ljungström, Marianne; Allestam, G.; Andersson, Yvonne; Giesecke, Johan

doi:10.2166/wh.2006.0025

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Norway (Table 2), and several waterborne outbreaks have been reported in recent time (8)(9)(10)(11). The main reservoir is warm-blooded animals (including birds and humans).…”

Section: Campylobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between environmental risk factors and campylobacter infections in Sweden

et al. 2004

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Campylobacter sp. is the most common cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis in Sweden and the incidence has been increasing. Case-control studies to identify risk factors have been conducted in several countries, but much remains unexplained. The geographical distribution of campylobacter infections varies substantially, and many environmental factors may influence the observed pattern. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) offer an opportunity to use routinely available surveillance data to explore associations between potential environmental risk factors showing a geographical pattern and disease incidence, complementing traditional approaches for investigating risk factors for disease. We investigated associations between campylobacter incidence and environmental factors related to water and livestock in Sweden. Poisson regression was used to estimate the strength of the associations. Positive associations were found between campylobacter incidence and average water-pipe length per person, ruminant density, and a negative association with the percentage of the population receiving water from a public water supply. This indicates that drinking water and contamination from livestock may be important factors in explaining sporadic human campylobacteriosis in Sweden, and that contamination occurring in the water distribution system might be more important than previously considered.

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Section: Campylobacteriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between environmental risk factors and campylobacter infections in Sweden

et al. 2004

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“…Campylobacter has been successfully isolated and cultured from surface freshwater in several countries (1) and both outbreaks and "sporadic" cases of campylobacterosis have been linked with exposure to drinking water (4,18,24). Specifically, C. coli has been isolated from surface and untreated drinking water and associated with an outbreak in drinking water in rural France, suggesting a potential risk of exposure from the environment (2,9,15,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Food and Environmental Exposures Relating to the Epidemiology of Campylobacter coli in Humans in Northwest England

Sopwith¹,

Birtles

Matthews

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study uses multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to investigate the epidemiology of Campylobacter coli in a continuous study of a population in Northwest England. All cases of Campylobacter identified in four Local Authorities (government administrative boundaries) between 2003 and 2006 were identified to species level and then typed, using MLST. Epidemiological information was collected for each of these cases, including food and recreational exposure variables, and the epidemiologies of C. jejuni and C. coli were compared using case-case methodology. Samples of surface water thought to represent possible points of exposure to the populations under study were also sampled, and campylobacters were typed with multilocus sequence typing. Patients with C. coli were more likely to be older and female than patients with C. jejuni. In logistic regression, C. coli infection was positively associated with patients eating undercooked eggs, eating out, and reporting problems with their water supply prior to illness. C. coli was less associated with consuming pork products. Most of the cases of C. coli yielded sequence types described elsewhere in both livestock and poultry, but several new sequence types were also identified in human cases and water samples. There was no overlap between types identified in humans and surface waters, and genetic analysis suggested three distinct clades but with several "intermediate" types from water that were convergent with the human clade. There is little evidence to suggest that epidemiological differences between human cases of C. coli and C. jejuni are a result of different food or behavioral exposures alone.

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“…Waterborne outbreaks of Campylobacter have been reported in many developed countries (Allos, 2001;Martin et al, 2006;Jakopanec et al, 2008;EFSA, 2013a).…”

Section: Outbreaks Of Campylobacter Spp -Sources and Transmission Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

Natsos

Koutoulis

Sossidou

et al. 2018

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Campylobacter is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease worldwide. The infection may be subclinical or cause disease of variable severity. The eating and handling of improperly cooked or raw broiler meat has been shown to be one of the most important sources of human campylobacteriosis. Birds carrying Campylobacter are asymptomatic colonizers without any clinical signs. Broilers are considered Campylobacter free after hatching and become colonized by exposure to viable bacteria from the environment. Several risk factors can result in the introduction of Campylobacter into the flocks making it difficult to keep chicken flocks free of Campylobacter throughout the rearing period. Lack of biosecurity measures, season, age, partial depopulation practices, flock size, type of production system, presence of other animals on farm, water quality, presence of rodents and mechanical transmission via insects are considered to be some of the risk factors associated with horizontal transmission. The control of Campylobacter in poultry seems crucial for the reduction of human campylobacteriosis cases. In Greece, there has been a dearth of information on prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter in broiler flocks. Therefore, it is essential to initially investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter infection on farms and in poultry carcasses and subsequently the risk factors at all production stages of broiler meat and plan intervention studies to help reducing the disease in humans. This paper review the most recent data reported worldwide on Campylobacter infection in humans and poultry in order to provide an overview of trends, risks, possible causes and mechanisms of transmission routes.

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A case–cohort study to investigate concomitant waterborne outbreaks of Campylobacter and gastroenteritis in Söderhamn, Sweden, 2002–3

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Association between environmental risk factors and campylobacter infections in Sweden

Association between environmental risk factors and campylobacter infections in Sweden

Investigation of Food and Environmental Exposures Relating to the Epidemiology of Campylobacter coli in Humans in Northwest England

Campylobacter spp. infection in humans and poultry

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