A Cascade of Care for Alcohol Use Disorder: Using 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Data to Identify Gaps in Care

Abstract

Background: Although effective treatments exist, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is undertreated. We used a cascade of care framework to understand gaps in care between diagnosis and treatment for persons with AUD. Methods: Using 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data, we evaluated the following steps in the cascade of care: 1) prevalence of adults with AUD; 2) proportion of adults who utilized health care in the past 12 months; 3) were screened about alcohol use; 4) received a brief intervention about alcohol misuse; 5) received information about treatment for alcohol misuse; and 6) proportion of persons with AUD who received treatment. Analyses were stratified by AUD severity. Results: Of the 171,766 persons included in the sample, weighted prevalence of AUD was 7.9% (95% CI 7.7-8.0%). Persons with AUD utilized health care settings at similar rates as those without AUD. Cascades of care showed the majority of individuals with AUD utilized health care and were screened about alcohol use, but the percent who received the subsequent steps of care decreased substantially. For those with severe AUD, 83.5% (CI: 78.3%-88.7%) utilized health care in the past 12 months, 73.5% (CI: 68.1%-78.9%) were screened for alcohol use, 22.7% (CI: 19.4%-26.0%) received a brief intervention, 12.4% (CI: 10%-14.7%) received information about treatment, and 20.5% (CI: 18%-23.1%) were treated for AUD. The greatest decrease in the care continuum occurred from screening to brief intervention and referral to treatment. More persons with severe AUD received treatment than were referred, indicating other pathways to treatment outside of the healthcare system. Conclusions: Persons with AUD utilize health care at high rates and are frequently screened about alcohol use, but few receive treatment. Health care settings- particularly primary care settings- represent a prime opportunity to implement pharmacologic treatment for AUD to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.

Mortality Risk Following Nonfatal Injuries With Alcohol Use Disorder Involvement: A One-Year Follow-Up of Emergency Department Patients Using Linked Administrative Data

“…Brief ED-based interventions have been shown to reduce future alcohol consumption and related consequences, including alcohol-related injuries, while remaining cost-effective (Barata et al, 2017;D'Onofrio et al, 2012;D'Onofrio and Degutis, 2002;Gentilello et al, 2005;Landy et al, 2016;Schmidt et al, 2016;White et al, 2018). However, although an estimated 30% of injured ED patients screen positive (via breath or blood tests) for alcohol involvement (Gentilello et al, 2005) and up to 40% of individuals with moderate to severe alcohol use disorders (AUD) report making an ED visit in the past year (Mintz et al, 2021), only 15% of ED trauma centers have formal alcohol screening and intervention policies, despite widespread support for implementing such policies (Cunningham et al, 2010).…”