A capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method using a borate background electrolyte for the fingerprinting analysis of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba herbal supplements

Abstract

A laboratory-built sheath liquid capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry interface was used to develop a qualitative method for fingerprinting analysis of 14 structurally similar flavones, flavonols, flavonones, and several representative glycosides in plant samples. The migration order of the flavonoids was dependent on a the number of hydroxyl groups present on the flavonoid B-ring, extent of conjugation, number of glycosidic functionalities, and ability of the flavonoid to form stable borate complexes with the background electrolyte. Parent ion scans of the flavonoids yielded [M-H]−, except for catechol containing flavonoids, which were detected as borate adducts. These adducts can be used diagnostically to determine the presence or absence of catechol groups on unknown polyphenolic compounds. Product ion scans of the flavonoid glycosides and borate adducts typically yielded the deprotonated aglycone fragment as the base peak, which could be used to confirm the base structure of the flavonoid. This method’s utility was demonstrated by analyzing flavonoids present in ethanolic extracts of Ginkgo biloba herbal supplements.

Analysis of Polyphenolic Composition and Stability of Magistral Preparation Based on Salviae Officinalis Folium

“…BA can chelate with the flavonoids to form more soluble complex anions (35). Observed complexes with boric acid resembled those described previously (36). For analysis of luteolin-Al(III) and luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide-Al(III) complexes, the positive mode was more useful.…”

“…Rosmarinic acid, which is an ester of caffeic acid and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, exhibits two catechol groups and both carboxylic and carboxylate functions, which can be engaged in chelation. Catechols are also known to form strong complexes with borate (36). However, the interactions of rosmarinic acid with Al(III) and BA require further research.…”

Capillary electrophoresis in phytochemical analysis (2014–2017)

“…Although UV had been the most frequently used detection method in CE, MS was also widely used due to the high sensitivity and selectivity. Few examples are determination of mushroom toxins ibotenic acid, muscimol and muscarine in human urine , fingerprinting analysis of flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba herbal supplements , and fast determination of harmala alkaloids in edible algae by CE‐MS; Differential detection of Rhizoma coptidis by CE‐MS with a nanospray interface ; Characterization of hydrothermally isolated xylan from beech wood by CE‐laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) and MS detection ; Analysis of paspalic acid, lysergic acid, and iso‐lysergic acid with UV and Q‐TOF/MS detection ; Dereplication of known nucleobase and nucleoside compounds in natural product extracts by CE‐high resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS) ; Separating and determining physcion, chrysophanol and aloe‐emodin in rhubarb and quantifying palmatin, columbin, cepharanthine, menisperine, magnoflorine and 20‐hydroxyecdysone in Radix tinosporae by NACE‐MS.…”

Development and optimization of HPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of four terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts based on Quality by Design principles

“…Nowadays it is mainly present in China, Korea and Japan [2]. At the moment, the EGBL have been used in nutraceutical products due to potential benefit in alleviating symptoms associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease [3,4], intermittent claudication [5,6], tinnitus [7], asthma [8] and hypertension [9].…”