A Cantilever-Based Flow Sensor for Domestic and Agricultural Water Supply System

Naveen, H. M.; George, Boby; Tangirala, Arun K.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3121306

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, there are still some challenges in measuring the transit time for small-diameter flowmeters. First, the difference between transit times is rather small at low flow rates in small-diameter channels, and precise flow measurements of low flow rates down to 0.05 m/s in the above scenarios are needed 8 . To achieve accurate measurements, increasing the transit-time difference rather than using expensive high-precision time-resolution chips is a cost-effective method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturized transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter based on ScAlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers for small-diameter applications

Gao

Chen

et al. 2023

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters (TTUFs) are among the most widely used devices for flow measurements. However, traditional TTUFs are usually based on a bulk piezoelectric transducer, which limits their application in small-diameter channels. In this paper, we developed a miniaturized TTUF based on scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUTs). The proposed TTUF contains two PMUT-based transceivers and a π-type channel. The PMUTs contain 13 × 13 square cells with dimensions of 2.8 × 2.8 mm2. To compensate for the acoustic impedance mismatch with liquid, a layer of polyurethane is added to the surface of the PMUTs as a matching layer. The PMUT-based transceivers show good transmitting sensitivity (with 0.94 MPa/V surface pressure) and receiving sensitivity (1.79 mV/kPa) at a frequency of 1 MHz in water. Moreover, the dimensions of the π-type channel are optimized to achieve a measurement sensitivity of 82 ns/(m/s) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) better than 15 dB. Finally, we integrate the fabricated PMUTs into the TDC-GP30 platform. The experimental results show that the developed TTUF provides a wide range of flow measurements from 2 to 300 L/h in a channel of 4 mm diameter, which is smaller than most reported channels. The accuracy and repeatability of the TTUF are within 0.2% and 1%, respectively. The proposed TTUF shows great application potential in industrial applications such as medical and chemical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A miniaturized transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter based on ScAlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers for small-diameter applications

Gao

Chen

et al. 2023

Microsyst Nanoeng

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“…The optical fiber flow sensors have exceeded their conventional electrical counterparts due to their immunity to electromagnetic interference, simultaneously applicable in high temperature as well as cryogenic environments, compact in size, remote sensing and capability of multiplexing for distributed measurement over a long distance [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Different techniques have been proposed for fiber optic-based detection of different types of liquids and gases such as vortex shedding optical flow sensors [13], target-type fiber optic flow sensors [14][15][16][17][18], fiber optic turbine flow sensors [3,19], optical fiber anemometer flow sensors [20][21][22][23][24], fiber optic interferometric flow sensors [25,26], FBG based flow sensors [27][28][29][30], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and development of an economical temperature compensated bidirectional fiber Bragg grating flow sensor

Ullah

Khan²,

Faisal³

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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A target-type cantilever based temperature compensated fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flow sensor is designed and developed with economical demodulation and data acquisition schemes. FBG is glued on the surface of a thin elastic stainless steel cantilever in pre-strained condition. The cantilever is mounted inside a flow channel by a special purpose brass holder with a height and direction adjustable threaded stem. The sensor is interrogated by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) and indigenously developed twin FBGs and chirped FBG – FBG intensity demodulation schemes. Response of the sensor is investigated in the flow rate range of 0 – 10 L/min in both forward and reverse flow directions. In spectral demodulation, the flow sensor offered a linear response in the full investigated range with a sensitivity of 19.2 pm/(L/min). However, the twin FBGs demodulation scheme presented a linear behaviour in the range of 4 – 10 L/min with sensitivities of 1.22 ± 0.03 µW/(L/min) and 29.89 ± 0.55 mV/(L/min) detected by the high speed power meter and photodetector, respectively. The novel CFBG-FBG intensity demodulator offered a linear response throughout its tested range and can offer a flow rate detection up to 265 L/min at the present sensitivity of the sensor with the condition that the cantilever-FBG system must be strong enough to withstand the higher flow rates. The temperature of the fluid is monitored by an FBG temperature sensing probe connected to the flow channel using intensity demodulation scheme by another pair of twin FBGs. Temperature compensation of the flow sensor is performed by arithmetic operations over the reflection intensities due to temperature probe to the results of the flow rates using a cost-effective data acquisition scheme.

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“…The rotor will rotate as water flows through it [19]. This rotational speed will correspond to the amount of water flowing through the propeller [20]. In addition to sensors, blynk applications and supporters are also needed, power supplies, to several supporting tools to create a framework in building verticulture plant models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verticulture Plant Monitoring System Using Internet of Things Based on Blynk Application

Tricahyo,

Putra,

Ashari

2023

COELITE

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The development of technology is now very rapid. One of them is the use of the internet of things in various fields. One of the applications of technology that is developing in the world including in Indonesia is in agriculture. In this field, there is a model of how to grow plants verticulturally that utilizes limited land. In agriculture, the verticulture cropping technique known as vertical cropping requires optimal soil moisture through proper watering. So an automatic monitoring process is needed to measure soil moisture, air humidity to plant temperature. In this study focused on optimizing the automatic monitoring system using the blynk application compared to ordinary monitoring. This research also encourages further exploration of the use of micro controllers and internet of things technology in agriculture.

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A Cantilever-Based Flow Sensor for Domestic and Agricultural Water Supply System

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

A miniaturized transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter based on ScAlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers for small-diameter applications

A miniaturized transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter based on ScAlN piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers for small-diameter applications

Design and development of an economical temperature compensated bidirectional fiber Bragg grating flow sensor

Verticulture Plant Monitoring System Using Internet of Things Based on Blynk Application

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