“…Acute ethanol exposure affects neuronal membrane receptors and intracellular kinases. At intoxicating concentrations (50–100 mM), acute ethanol activates type 1 dopamine receptor (DR1), adenylate cyclase and cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) (Rabin et al, 1992 ; Lovinger, 2002 ; Ferrani-Kile et al, 2003 ; Moonat et al, 2010 ; Coller and Hutchinson, 2012 ), a signaling pathway closely related to synaptic plasticity (Eftekharzadeh et al, 2012 ; Nassireslami et al, 2013 ). Acute ethanol can also activate other intracellular kinases such as Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway (Carter et al, 2008 ; Neasta et al, 2011 ; Zeng et al, 2012 ) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), both are multifunctional serine/threonine kinases (French and Heberlein, 2009 ; Luo, 2009 ; Zeng et al, 2012 ; Shah et al, 2015 ), required for synaptic plasticity (Horwood et al, 2006 ; Ochs et al, 2015 ).…”