Abstract. This article is intended to provide non-specialists with an introduction to integration theory on pathspace. §0: Introduction Let Q 1 denote the set of rational numbers q ∈ [0, 1], and, for a ∈ Q 1 , define the translation map τ a on Q 1 by addition modulo 1:Is there a probability measure λ Q1 on Q 1 which is translation invariant in the sense thatTo answer this question, it is necessary to be precise about what it is that one is seeking. Indeed, the answer will depend on the level of ambition at which the question is asked. For example, if A denotes the algebra of subsets Γ ⊆ Q 1 generated by intervalsfor a ≤ b from Q 1 , then it is easy to check that there is a unique, finitely additive way to define λ Q1 on A. In fact,On the other hand, if one is more ambitious and asks for a countably additive λ Q1 on the σ-algebra generated by A (equivalently, all subsets of Q 1 ), then one is asking for too much. In fact, since λ Q1 ({q}) = 0 for every q ∈ Q 1 , countable additivity forceswhich is obviously irreconcilable with λ Q1 (Q 1 ) = 1. Thus, in order to achieve countable additivity, one has to leave Q 1 behind. In particular, one can complete Q 1 and pass to [0, 1], where Lebesgue and his measure come to the rescue. Of course, one pays a heavy price for this transition: Q 1 is invisible to Lebesgue measure!