A call to action for veterinarians and partners in animal health to collect antimicrobial use data for the purposes of supporting medical decision-making and antimicrobial stewardship

_, _; Fajt, Virginia R.; Lehenbauer, Terry W.; Plummer, Paul J.; Robbins, Rebecca C.; Scheftel, Joni; Singer, Randall S.; Canon, Abbey J.; Frey, Erin; Gaunt, Patricia S.; Papich, Mark G.; Parker, Tina M.; Brookshire, Cooper; Cervantes, Hector; Jay-Russell, Michele; Schnabel, Lauren V.; Smith, David R.; Wright, Lindsay R.; Costin, Michael

doi:10.2460/javma.21.09.0431

javma

2022

DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.09.0431

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A call to action for veterinarians and partners in animal health to collect antimicrobial use data for the purposes of supporting medical decision-making and antimicrobial stewardship

_ _¹,

Virginia R. Fajt²,

Terry W. Lehenbauer³

et al.

Abstract: A ntimicrobial stewardship has been defined for the veterinary profession as "the actions veterinarians take individually and as a profession to preserve the effectiveness and availability of antimicrobial drugs through conscientious oversight and responsible medical decision-making while safeguarding animal, public, and environmental health." 1 These actions may include making a commitment in one's veterinary practice by assigning a staff member to track stewardship activities, selecting antimicrobials in a j… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

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Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020

Beaudoin

Bollig

Burgess

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundAwareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).ObjectivesTo estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S. veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) and identify antibiotic drugs commonly prescribed, indications for use, and evidence of bacterial infection.AnimalsMedical record data were collected from dogs and cats examined at 14 VTHs.MethodsData were collected from VTH medical records of dogs and cats examined by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services on a single day during August 13‐September 3, 2020. Data included signalment; clinical service; inpatient or outpatient status; clinical conditions; diagnostic tests; evidence of bacterial infection; intended reason for AU; name and route of antibiotics prescribed.ResultsOf 883 dogs and cats, 322 (36.5%) were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic. Among 285 antibiotics administered systemically intended for treatment of infection, 10.9% were prescribed without evidence of infection. The most common class of antibiotics presribed for systemic administration was potentiated penicillin for dogs (115/346, 33.3%) and cats (27/80, 33.8%). For dogs and cats, first‐generation cephalosporins (93/346, 26.9% and 11/80, 13.8%, respectively) and fluoroquinolones (51/346, 14.7% and 19/80, 23.8%, respectively) was second or third most‐prescribed. Common AU indications included skin, respiratory, and urinary conditions, and perioperative use.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCollaborative data collection provides a sustainable methodology to generate national AU prevalence estimates and bring attention to areas requiring additional research and detailed data collection. These efforts can also identify practice improvement opportunities in settings where future veterinarians are trained.

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Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020

Beaudoin

Bollig

Burgess

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Antimicrobial usage in broiler chicken production in the United States, 2013–2021

Singer

Schrag

Ricke³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Although efforts to improve antimicrobial stewardship should include the collection of antimicrobial use data, most antimicrobial datasets collected at the national level consist of antimicrobial sales data which cannot inform stewardship. These data lack context, such as information regarding target species, disease indication, and regimen specifics like dose, route and duration. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a system for collecting data on the use of antimicrobials in the U.S. broiler chicken industry. This study utilized a public-private partnership to enable collection and protection of sensitive data from an extremely large industry while releasing deidentified and aggregated information regarding the details of antimicrobial use on U.S. broiler chicken farms over time. Participation was voluntary. Data were collected for the period 2013 through 2021 and are reported on a calendar year basis. Using production statistics from USDA:NASS as a denominator, the data supplied by participating companies represented approximately 82.1% of broiler chicken production in the U.S. in 2013, approximately 88.6% in 2017, and approximately 85.0% in 2021. The data that were submitted for 2021 are based on approximately 7,826,121,178 chickens slaughtered and 50,550,817,859 pounds liveweight produced. Granular flock-level treatment records were available for 75–90% of the birds represented in the 2018–2021 dataset. There was no use of antimicrobials in the hatchery for the years 2020 and 2021. Medically important in-feed antimicrobial use decreased substantially, with all in-feed tetracycline use being eliminated by 2020, and the use of virginiamycin being reduced by more than 97% since 2013. Medically important water-soluble antimicrobials are used for the treatment of disease in broiler production. Use decreased substantially for most water-soluble antimicrobials. The most important diseases necessitating treatment were necrotic enteritis and gangrenous dermatitis as well as E. coli-related disease. A focus on reducing the incidence of these diseases would reduce the need for antimicrobial therapy but will require an investment in research to find efficacious and cost-effective interventions for these diseases.

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On-farm antimicrobial usage in commercial turkey production in the United States, 2013–2021

Singer

Schrag

Ricke³

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A key component of antimicrobial stewardship is the ability to collect antimicrobial use data and ultimately use this information to ensure that administrations are necessary and effective. National antimicrobial sales data cannot help in this capacity because the data lack context, for example, details concerning target species and disease indication. The objective of this study was to continue the development of a system for collecting flock-level on-farm antimicrobial use data from the U.S. turkey industry and to have it be representative of national turkey production in the U.S. This study utilized a public-private partnership to enable collection and protection of sensitive flock-level data from an extremely large industry while releasing deidentified and aggregated information regarding the details of antimicrobial use on U.S. turkey farms over time. Participation was voluntary. Data were collected for the period 2013 through 2021 and are reported on a calendar year basis. Using production statistics from USDA:NASS as a denominator, the data supplied by participating companies represented approximately 67.3% of turkey production in the U.S. in 2013, approximately 69.1% in 2017, and approximately 71.4% in 2021. The data that were submitted for 2021 are based on approximately 149,000,192 turkeys slaughtered and 4,929,773,506 pounds liveweight produced. Detailed prescription records representing approximately 60–70% of the birds were available for the 2018–2021 dataset. The estimated percentage of turkey poults placed that received hatchery antimicrobials decreased from 96.9% in 2013 to 40.5% in 2021. The use of in-feed antimicrobials was practically eliminated, with in-feed tetracycline being the only medically important antimicrobial used in 2021. Use of in-feed tetracyclines decreased approximately 80% between 2013 and 2021. Water-soluble antimicrobial use declined over the study period. Between 2013 and 2021, water-soluble penicillin use decreased approximately 41% but water-soluble tetracycline use increased approximately 22%. Key diseases that were treated with water-soluble antimicrobials included bacterial poult enteritis and clostridial dermatitis. Efforts to reduce the incidence of these diseases would reduce the need for antimicrobial therapy, thereby enabling continued decreases in antimicrobial use without sacrificing animal welfare. However, this will require an investment in research to find efficacious and cost-effective mitigation strategies.

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A call to action for veterinarians and partners in animal health to collect antimicrobial use data for the purposes of supporting medical decision-making and antimicrobial stewardship

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020

Antimicrobial usage in broiler chicken production in the United States, 2013–2021

On-farm antimicrobial usage in commercial turkey production in the United States, 2013–2021

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